Litigation 2025

1. General

1.1 General Characteristics of the Legal System

Indonesia's legal system is primarily rooted in the civil law tradition, with significant influence from Dutch colonial law. It features an extensive and codified set of statutes, which serve as the primary source of legal authority, in line with principles common to civil law jurisdictions. The judicial process follows an inquisitorial model.

Legal proceedings in Indonesia are mostly document-based. Cases typically require comprehensive written documentation, including the statement of claim, statement of defence, documentary evidence, and written conclusions.

1.2 Court System

Indonesia's court system operates under a hierarchical structure, organised to address various areas of law through courts with specialised jurisdictions. The judiciary functions as a unified national system, reflecting Indonesia's unitary state framework without any division between federal and provincial courts.