Modern websites collect far more information than many businesses realise. A visitor may generate data through cookies, analytics scripts, advertising pixels, session replay tools, device identifiers, contact forms, chat widgets and other tracking technologies. For businesses operating in India, website data collection compliance therefore involves more than publishing a privacy policy. Organisations need to understand what information their website collects, why it is collected, where it goes, who receives it and what legal framework applies. India does not currently have a separate cookie law comparable to the EU ePrivacy framework. The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 regulates digital personal data rather than cookies specifically. A cookie or tracking technology becomes relevant when the information involved falls within the scope of personal data and the processing is subject to the Act. Other laws may also apply depending on the website, business model, sector and