Direct Licensing vs. Copyright Society Licensing In India: Which Protects You Better?

The Two Routes to Music Licensing in India: An Overview

Any business that uses copyrighted music in India, whether in a mobile application, digital platform, live event, broadcast, or commercial production, must obtain authorisation from the relevant copyright holders. In India, there are two primary routes through which this authorisation can be obtained: (i) a direct licence negotiated with and granted by the rights holder (or its authorised representative), or (ii) a licence obtained through a registered copyright society that administers the rights of multiple owners on a collective basis.

Both routes are legally valid. Neither is inherently superior in all circumstances. The right choice for a specific business depends on the nature of the music usage, the identity of the rights holder, the territory of operation, and the degree of legal certainty required. This article examines both routes, identifies the factors that inform the choice, and explains how Indian courts have