Part 1 Of India's New Labour Codes – Code On Social Security, 2020

India's labour law landscape underwent a significant transformation on November 21, 2025 with the Ministry of Labour and Employment bringing into force 4 new labour codes i.e., the Code on Wages, 2019, the Industrial Relations Code, 2020, the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 and the Code on Social Security, 2020 (collectively referred to as the "Labour Codes"). Together, the Labour Codes replace and repeal 29 older central labour laws (with only specific provisions of the Employees Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 ("EPF Act"), remaining in effect).

The Labour Codes require both the Central and State Governments to frame rules under each of the Labour Codes for their effective implementation. The Central Government released its draft rules for all Labour Codes on December 30, 2025, which are yet to be enforced. While the progress at the state level has been varied, with only Gujarat and Arunachal Pradesh having