JURISDICTION ON MATRIMONIAL MATTERS AND PARENTAL RESPONSIBILITY MATTERS WITH FOREIGN ELEMENT UNDER EU LAW, POLISH LAW, AND TURKISH LAW
EU Law, Council Regulation (EC) No 2201/2003 The instrument that governs jurisdiction in matrimonial matters and parental responsibility in the EU Member States is the Council Regulation (EC) No 2201/2003 of November 27, 2003, concerning jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters and the matters of parental responsibility. The Regulation’s ‘universality’ …
VERTICAL AGREEMENTS AND GROUP EXEMPTIONS IN TURKISH COMPETITION LAW
The concept of competition is defined in doctrine as the relationship between enterprises that sell the same type of goods or services to a consumer group at the same time. In accordance with this definition, competition law could be possibly defined as a branch of law that includes regulatory, supervisory, and prohibitive norms to prevent …
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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TAXATION OF EMPLOYMENT COMPENSATIONS MADE THROUGH MUTUAL RESCISSION AGREEMENTS AND THROUGH MEDIATION
Mutual Rescission/Termination (Ikale) of Employment Agreements Mutual rescission or mutual termination agreement is an agreement that terminates the labor contract based on the mutual consent of the parties (ikale). Mutual rescission/termination agreement is not regulated under any specific law and in principle could be established in line with the freedom of contract principle and therefore …
WORK PERMITS & CITIZENSHIP BY INVESTMENT OPTIONS IN POLAND & IN TURKEY
Work Permits in Poland Work permit exemptions Citizens of the Member States of the European Union or the European Economic Area, as well as citizens of Switzerland – in contrast to citizens of so-called third countries – enjoy a special status in terms of the possibility to legally take up employment in Poland, which results …
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NEW POWERS OF THE OFFICE OF COMPETITION AND CONSUMER PROTECTION AUTHORITY OF POLAND
EU Regulation 2017/2394 of the European Parliament and of the EU Council regulation of December 12, 2017, on cooperation between national authorities responsible for the enforcement of consumer protection (and repealing Regulation (EC) No 2006/2004), obliged the Member States to modify their internal laws. The primary goal of the EU’s regulation mentioned above is to …
THE RIGHT OF ACCESS TO PERSONAL DATA BY INDIVIDUALS UNDER REGULATIONS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, TURKEY, & SWITZERLAND
In the last three decades, the ongoing digital (r)evolution and the growth in (cross-border) flows of personal data among and between public and private actors have increased the need to safeguard the fundamental rights of individuals. As a result, laws protecting most notably the right to privacy have been enacted in the EU and beyond …
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) In Turkish Environmental Laws
INTRODUCTION Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a principle developed on the idea that the use of resources spent to clean, repair and re-balance a polluted or destroyed environment after the fact, being less efficient than the use of resources spent for prevention of the negative impacts concerning the investments for development at the beginning.
Regarding the Regulation on Out of Office (Remote or Distant) Employment in Turkey
As per Article 14 of the Labor Law No. 4587 (Law), remote work (employment) shall be defined as an employment relationship based on the principle that the employee fulfills his/her work performance within the scope of the work organization created by the employer at home or outside the workplace utilizing technological communication. Regulation on Remote Work …
Obligation To Employ Or Contract A Lawyer On Continuous Basis For Joint Stock Companies In Turkey
Joint-stock companies with a registered capital equal to 5 (five) times or more of the minimum amount stipulated in Article 272 of the Turkish Commercial Code and building cooperatives with a membership number of 100 (one-hundred) or more are obliged to have/employ a contracted lawyer. Legal entities failing to comply with the provisions of this …
Effects of State of Emergency Law in Turkey On Prison Sentences Under Criminal Execution Laws
With the Statutory Decree No.671 dated August 17, 2016, and the recent changes with Regulations No.29987 and No.29824 on Regulation Regarding an Amendment on Placement to Open Punishment Execution Facilities effecting execution of the Law No.5275 on Punishment Execution Law has introduced significant changes.