Brinkhof is geared to handle a broad spectrum of IT-related matters, including artificial intelligence, SaaS solutions, software licensing audits, and DORA compliance reviews. The practice also demonstrates particular strength in multi-jurisdictional outsourcing projects and stands out as a key choice for IT and outsourcing-related disputes. Eliane De Vilder is adept at overseeing complex outsourcing projects and co-heads the practice with Wieke Van Angeren, who focuses on the outsourcing of critical business functions, licensing and IT legal disputes, with a strong hold on the financial and TMT sectors. Teun Burgers specialises in negotiating and drafting complex agreements, while Lars Leemeijer is also recommended.
Industry focus: Information technology in Netherlands
Brinkhof
Practice head(s):
Eliane de Vilder; Wieke van Angeren; Teun Burgers
Other key lawyers:
Lars Leemeijer
Testimonials
‘Their combination of their expertise and hands-on approach makes them strong. ‘
Key clients
Accenture
Booz Allen Hamilton
Cenosco
CSi Industries
De Lage Landen
Eredivisie
ERIKS
Evos
Freshstream
Intertrust
The Liberators
Metrological
Nedap
PNO Media Pensioenfonds
Rocket Software
RTL Group
Solynta
Work highlights
- Advised De Lage Landen on all IT and outsourcing-related matters.
- Assisted various pension funds with vital outsourcing projects.
- Assisted Freshstream, a private equity firm with offices in London and Amsterdam, with acquiring a controlling interest in an IaaS provider.
Kennedy Van der Laan
Kennedy Van der Laan has a particularly strong presence in the financial services, healthcare and retail sectors, and has notable expertise in IT outsourcing, technology projects, cyber security, and digital transformation. Judica Krikke heads the IT practice and has extensive experience in cloud sourcing, software licensing, and data protection, Patrick Wit takes the lead on IT outsourcing and ESG matters, and Reinoud Westerdijk has expertise in handling IT contracting, AI, tech cooperation, and IT public procurement. Joost Schmaal and Christoph Jeloschek are well-versed in IT-related litigation and arbitrations.
Practice head(s):
Patrick Wit; Reinoud Westerdijk; Joost Schmaal; Christoph Jeloschek; Judica Krikke
Other key lawyers:
Veerle Van Druenen
Testimonials
‘They have the expertise to handle complex matters.’
‘Joost Schmaal and Veerle Van Druenen are both very good to work with.’
‘The team has a combination of advisory and litigation skills. They are knowledgeable and self-confident.’
‘Patrick Wit is a market-leading IT specialist with rare technical IT knowledge. Christoph Jeloschek is an experienced and reliable all-around litigator.’
‘Joost Schmaal demonstrated strong leadership and took responsibility during a legal dispute. He handled the case prudently, efficiently, and with great attention to detail. Joost is intelligent, pragmatic and determined, making him a valuable asset in any challenging situation. Moreover, he is always open to meaningful discussions and provides thoughtful insights.’
‘Kennedy Van der Laan offers a unique combination of legal expertise and communication skills, and their attorneys are commercial and very often passionate about technology.’
‘Kennedy Van der Laan assisted in a complex IT-related litigation issue in a highly knowledgeable manner.’
‘Joost Schmaal is a very skilled lawyer, and he has great experience, technical ability, and commercial acumen.’
Key clients
Royal FloraHolland
The Dutch Government
University Medical Centers
EarthToday Media
Microsoft Corporation
Koninklijke AholdDelhaize
Blauw Research
CBRE
Backbase
Hiscox
Chubb
Lumileds
Forbo Flooring
Hubs
Work highlights
- Advised the Dutch State on its strategic software supplier management.
- Represented Blauw and six other market research companies in the aftermath of a cyber incident in which the data of over 2m Dutch citizens were compromised and potentially stolen.
- Advised the Port of Amsterdam on cooperation between the electricity grid operator Liander and the companies based at the Port of Amsterdam in setting up a – first of its kind – cooperation for congestion management.
Project Moore Advocaten
With experience in handling IT procurement, litigation, digital transformations and business-critical migrations, Project Moore Advocaten‘s IT practice is well-versed in cyber threats, AI mandates, and open-source software licensing. Christian Van Seeters is the go-to advisor for public sector clients on public safety matters, while Lieneke Viergever is a key contact for Dutch business media clients. Eva Visser and Jeroen Koëter are also recommended.
Other key lawyers:
Christian van Seeters; Lieneke Viergever; Eva Visser; Jeroen Koëter
Testimonials
‘Each of the Project Moore team members are very responsive, solution-oriented, and have top-notch legal expertise and experience. Their availability and engagement make them stand out.’
‘Jeroen Koëter is highly appreciated for his good judgment, flexibility, and solution-oriented approach.’
‘The firm exemplifies professionalism and demonstrates a profound understanding of the latest legal developments. They deliver efficient, effective solutions that genuinely prove direction. If you need a reliable and skilled legal guide, this law firm is highly recommended.’
Key clients
Coöperatie Samen Digitaal Innoveren
The Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision
Voedselbanken Nederland
KNB
Radboud University Medical Centre
Dutch National Police
The Dutch Ministry of Justice and Security
The Employee Insurance Agency
Custodial Institutions Agency
Curio
Mitsubishi Logisnext Europe
Nikon Corporation
Nikon Holdings Europe BV
Dsm-firmenic
Arcadis Nederland
ASML
KLM Royal Dutch Airlines
Transavia Airlines
Picnic
The Association of Dutch Municipalities
Work highlights
- Advised cutting-edge not-for-profit initiative Kickstart AI on various pioneering AI issues arising from its socially impactful work.
- Advised newly formed Dutch library cooperative SDI on the procurement of a large-scale IT system involving 102 libraries and 14.4m library users.
- Advised the Netherlands Institute of Sound and Vision on procurement and IT issues arising from a Dutch government initiative to make a vast digital audiovisual collection available to the public by 2025.
Van Doorne
Van Doorne offers exceptional guidance to prominent IT sector clients, from negotiating and drafting IT and outsourcing agreements to handling IT-related disputes. Bart van Reeken excels in outsourcing, software development, software licences, as well as SaaS agreements, and he co-heads the IT and outsourcing department with Louis Jonker, a key contact for healthcare and public sector clients on business-critical IT projects. Ruud de Kleijn is another key team member.
Practice head(s):
Bart van Reeken; Louis Jonker
Other key lawyers:
Ruud de Kleijn
Testimonials
‘Bart van Reeken has expert knowledge of information technology law, information technology market standards, and outsourcing business process arrangements. He combines expertise, persuasive and tactful argumentation with responsive, effective solutions.’
‘A very competent team that is thorough in the advice that it provides. I have full confidence in its expertise and its ability to get the job done.’
‘Bart van Reeken is very accessible, and comes up with a concise solution very quickly.’
‘The team is incredibly down-to-earth and nice to work with. It masters its expertise and makes collaboration fun.’
‘Louis Jonker has very special expertise in information technology and holds a unique blend of know-how.’
‘Very knowledgeable people, who are flexible to scale up and down as required for the topics at hand.’
‘Bart Van Reeken is an exceptional lawyer with a deep understanding of legal and business matters. His ability to distil complex issues into actionable advice is one of his standout qualities. He is approachable, responsive, and consistently goes above and beyond to ensure that our needs are met.’
‘The individuals are always approachable, with strong communication skills.’
Key clients
Achmea Investment Management
Achmea Insurance
Alrijne Zorggroep
Amsterdam UMC
Broadcom
Chess.com
Digidentity
Ilionx
Lipton Teas
Meander MC
Mogelijk
Nationale Opera & Ballet
Ortec Finance
Parnassia Groep
Radiotherapeutisch Instituut Friesland
Schuberg Philis
Heeren Loo Zorggroep
Solera Nederland
Statistics Netherlands
Work highlights
- Represented CA Europe Sàrl, a subsidiary of the US tech firm Broadcom Inc., in a dispute with KPN, the Dutch incumbent telecom provider, about the terms for renewal of a software license agreement that dated back to 2006.
- Assisted Achmea IM with the outsourcing of a large part of its administration and custody activities to State Street.
- Assisted Digidentity with the establishment of its strategic partnership with SERMI.
Bird & Bird
Bird & Bird is a strong choice for a wide range of IT matters, including managing complex IT-outsourcing projects, e-commerce strategies, and dispute resolution. Practice head Jeroen van der Lee carries vast expertise in handling licensing deals, communication infrastructure transactions, and content digitalisation, while co-head Roelien van Neck focuses the consumer goods and content distribution sectors. Other key contacts include Stephanie Welbergen and Jochem Apon.
Practice head(s):
Jeroen van der Lee; Roelien van Neck
Other key lawyers:
Stephanie Welbergen; Jochem Apon
Testimonials
‘Stephanie Welbergen was professional, knowledgeable, and reactive.’
‘Very knowledgeable team, skilled in handling complex, delicate disputes. A strong collaborative approach from the team, who are readily available.’
‘Roelien van Neck is a leader in her field. She can take charge and navigate complex legal issues whilst maintaining a practical approach.’
‘Great knowledge of the relevant sector.’
‘Roelien van Neck has a firm understanding. She is readily available to discuss strategies and tactics and is prepared to consider new ideas. She is proactive, and she is committed to achieving results.’
‘I worked directly with Jochem Apon. What makes Jochem stand out is his practical application of the law, his understanding of things from a business perspective, and his ability to do what he says he will do and deliver when he says he will. Simply put, Joachem gets the job done. What I valued the most was Joachem’s hyper-focus on wanting to understand the actual issues and his considered reasoned and pragmatic approach.’
Key clients
DXC
TomTom
Bazaarvoice
Roblox
Bridgestone
SentinelOne
Epson
Pangiam
Viaplay
Zeekr
Karl Lagerfeld
Rivian
Lee Wrangler
TooGoodToGo
Pegasystems.
Ab Inbev
NCOI/Opleiding.nl
Discord
Albelli
Work highlights
- Assisted Bridgestone, including its subsidiaries, with drafting and negotiating various technology-related agreements.
- Assisted various companies active in the online gambling industry with a wide range of legal and regulatory issues.
- Assisted ACE Software (aka Pelican) with their contracts on open banking solutions (AIS and PIS).
Greenberg Traurig LLP
Greenberg Traurig LLP is well-equipped to handle a wide range of issues, including complex transactions, outsourcing, and data protection. IT and outsourcing expert Herald Jongen, who has extensive experience in outsourcing, data protection and complex transactions, heads the department, while Nienke Bernard and Emre Yildirim are skilled at data protection regulations, licensing, and outsourcing compliances.
Practice head(s):
Herald Jongen
Other key lawyers:
Nienke Bernard; Emre Yildirim
Testimonials
‘Legal expertise combined with a pragmatic, solutions-oriented approach. The team works seamlessly and is very action-oriented with a uniquely differentiated collaborative approach.’
‘Herald Jongen runs a collaborative, high-performing team which delivers results. Nienke Bernard goes above and beyond, is extremely action-oriented, and precise in language and execution. Emre Yildirim is calm under pressure, combines expertise with a get-in-done, nothing is impossible approach.’
Key clients
State of the Netherlands
Anonos, Inc
Athora Netherlands N.V
Detailresult
SURF
SIVON
Bird B.V
European Stability Management
Vecos Europe B.V
State of the Netherlands
Bioforum
State of the Netherlands
National Cyber Security Centre of the Dutch State
The Athlete’s FoodCoach B.V
Skyhaus BV
Ministry of Finance
Work highlights
- Assisted the State of the Netherlands with their landmark deal with AWS to enable government-wide use of their cloud services.
- Advised Skyhaus B.V on setting up their U.S. entity and ringfencing liability risk concerning intellectual property rights in their AI software.
- Advised the State of the Netherlands (Ministry of Defence) on various aspects of the largest IT project in NL, GRIT.
Loyens & Loeff
The TMT practice at Loyens & Loeff offers a wide range of IT services, encompassing outsourcing, cyber security, IT disentanglement, and data migration. Pjotr Heemskerk is adept at intellectual property, licenses, and e-commerce, jointly leading the practice with Yannick Geryszewski, who is well-versed in IT M&A transactions.
Practice head(s):
Pjotr Heemskerk; Yannick Geryszewski
Key clients
VGZ
Carestream Healthcare
Egeria
Gilde Healthcare
Bencis Capital
Dutch Fund and Asset Management Association
Vereniging van Vermogensbeheerders & Adviseurs
De Pensioenfederatie
Verbond van Verzekeraars
Index Ventures
DCSA
Koninklijk Concertgebouworkest
bol
Moonalpha
Main Capital Partners
DPG Media
Oracle
Work highlights
- Advised multiple private equity firms, insurers, and credit rating agencies on the implementation of the Digital Operational Resilience Act, including amendment of existing ICT-services agreements.
- Assisted Dutch Fund and Asset Management Association, Vereniging van Vermogensbeheerders & Adviseurs, de Pensioenfederatie and Verbond van Verzekeraars with the drafting of DORA contract amendment templates.
- Advised DPG Media on the proposed acquisition of RTL Netherlands by DPG Media and the related strategic partnership.
NautaDutilh
NautaDutilh’s team has an excellent track record in assisting with the full life-cycle of IT matters, with solid expertise in handling outsourcing, cloud services data monetisation, and IT litigation. The practice also supports major incumbent and emerging companies with both public and private tech-related M&A transactions. Practice head Joris Willems is highly regarded for his expertise in AI and cyber security, Sybren de Beurs is regularly instructed by tech and IT sector clients, while Cyril Christiaans takes the lead on cross-border commercial and IT contracts and disputes.
Practice head(s):
Joris Willems
Other key lawyers:
Sybren de Beurs; Cyril Christiaans
Testimonials
‘The team at NautaDutilh N.V has strong industry knowledge.’
‘The individuals at NautaDutilh are exceptionally diligent in their work. They are the right fit for the work because of their interests, diligence, attention to detail, and analytical capabilities. Sybren de Beurs has been helpful.’
‘NautaDutilh has an excellent understanding of business models and the business culture of their clients, which then translates into a smooth and effective law firm-client relationship.’
‘Joris Willems provides pragmatic, efficient, and scalable legal assistance.’
‘NautaDutilh’s technology team is a collaboration of experts from different legal disciplines, which allows it to combine knowledge to cover all applicable legal aspects in detail. The team is pleasant to work with.’
‘Joris Willems is extremely seasoned and knowledgeable. He understands what drives legal departments in our industry and what challenges we face. He is quick in rendering advice and very practical. Cyril Christiaans is very knowledgeable and thorough.’
‘NautaDutilh can provide re-usable and practical advice to companies, which is a real differentiator in the legal market.’
‘Very good knowledge of the law and the associated developments in IT.’
Key clients
RTL Group
ABN AMRO Bank
Airbnb, Inc.
American Express
Apollo Global Management
a.s.r.
beIN Media Group
Bitvavo
Booking.com
Byont Ventures
Dirk van der Broek
Funda
HAL Investments
Incotec
ING Bank
Irdeto
Joffe & Associes
Johan Cruijff Arena
Knab Bank
Lineage Logistics
Moodys
MultiChoice Group
NN Group
NPO
NVB
OC&C
Onera Technologies
POST Luxembourg
Prosus
Rabobank
SEW-Eurodrive
Sky Group
Takeaway.com / Grubhub
Tata Consultancy Services
Tencent
Uber
United Ventures
YoungCapital
Work highlights
- Assisted Prosus with the development of innovative GenAI tool, Toqan.
- Advised TCS on a long-term full service IT and BPO outsourcing agreement with ATHORA Netherlands N.V.
- Assisted a.s.r. Nederland N.V. with the sale of Aegon Bank N.V. (Knab) to BAWAG P.S.K. Bank für Arbeit und Wirtschaft und Österreichische Postsparkasse Aktiengesellschaft.
Pels Rijcken
Pels Rijcken is valued for its expertise in IT procurement, litigation, software law, and data protection, and regularly acts for the Dutch central government on large IT procurement projects. Jeroen Naves heads the department and focuses on IT purchasing projects and outsourcing.
Practice head(s):
Jeroen Naves
Testimonials
‘They are experts in IT contracts.’
‘The team at Pels Rijcken & Droogleever Fortuijn is flexible and actively thinks along with the challenges.’
‘The team and partners are collaborative, accessible, and open to cooperation. In particular, Jeroen Naves excels at balancing his role as an expert while actively thinking along.’
Key clients
European Commission
Ministry of Justice and Security
Ministry of Economic Affairs
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Ministry of Education
Ministry of Public Health
Ministry of Defense
Ministry of Internal affairs
Dutch Central Bank
Central Bank of Aruba
KPN
Dutch Consumer Association
Dutch Chamber of Commerce
Data Privacy Stichting or DPS
Stichting Bescherming Privacybelangen
Stichting Consumers United in Court
Surfshark Incogni
Infomedics
Work highlights
- Represented KPN in litigation against Broadcom.
- Assisted European Commission with the drafting of standard terms for the procurement of AI.
- Advised the NVM on transaction on all shares held by Stichting Administratiekantoor Funda.
Vondst Advocaten N.V
Vondst Advocaten N.V, known for ‘its expertise, reachability and practical approach’, regularly advises on outsourcing transactions, IT projects, tech-related M&A projects, and data protection. Polo van der Putt leads the team and has a wealth of knowledge in new technologies such as big data analytics, AI, cloud computing, robotics, electronic signatures and e-payments. Tjeerd Overdijk is well-versed in software rights enforcement, database rights, software patents and domain name disputes, while Herwin Roerdink specialises in data protection and online marketing.
Practice head(s):
Polo van der Putt
Other key lawyers:
Tjeerd Overdijk; Herwin Roerdink
Testimonials
‘They have a very deep understanding of IT project management and practices.’
‘Polo van der Putt has vast experience.’
‘Great availability, quick responses, and realistic answers.’
Key clients
Aalberts
Aexis
Assai Software Services
Credit Europe Bank
Dimensys
Equans (formerly Engie)
Heliomare
Novamedia
NPRC
Oracle
Priva
Randstad
Reset
Retail Unity
SURF
Swisslog Healthcare
Translink
Workrate
Work highlights
- Advised Oracle on several license infringement matters.
- Advised Heliomare on an electronic patient file management deal with NEXUS.
- Advised a large professional services organisation on a failed PSA implementation project.
CMS
Regularly advising on GDPR implementation, CMS is a key port of call for domestic and international clients from the life sciences, retail, mobility, and consumer products sectors. Katja van Kranenburg-Hanspians heads the team and is experienced in assisting corporations and educational institutions on AI matters. Simon Sanders focuses on IT contracts and dispute resolution.
Practice head(s):
Katja van Kranenburg
Other key lawyers:
Simon Sanders
Testimonials
‘Great knowledge of IT Technology and related practices. Specialists in their fields.’
‘The people of CMS complement each other, which benefits the advice they give you. Simon Sanders stands out.’
‘Simon Sanders is an outstanding lawyer, who is specialised on IT legal topics.’
Key clients
Ahrend
AIG
BT
BluJay
Brabant Water
CitizenM
Chubb
COIN
EasyHotel
Global Switch
ICTU
ID Logistics
Infomedics
KUBOTA
PLUS Retail
Work highlights
- Advised the National Probation Offices on IT-contracting for its digital transformation program, replacing its existing IT primary processes system with a new innovative IT platform.
- Advised HP on all aspects of the Dutch Telecommunications Regulations.
- Advised Ahrend on the contracting and implementation concerning the renewal of its worldwide ERP systems.
Dirkzwager legal & tax
The intellectual property and information technology team at Dirkzwager legal & tax is versed in service agreements, IT-related disputes, privacy law, and internet law. Ernst-Jan van de Pas co-heads the practice alongside Mark Jansen, Joost Becker and Christel Jeunink. Van de Pas focuses on IT law, technology and IP, while Jansen leads the data protection and cybersecurity practice, advising on IT projects, failed automation, and privacy matters. Becker handles domain name disputes and IT litigation issues, while Jeunink specialises in IP contracting and innovation.
Practice head(s):
Ernst-Jan van de Pas; Joost Becker; Mark Jansen; Christel Jeunink
Testimonials
‘The strength of Dirkzwager legal & tax is that they can form a multidisciplinary team.’
‘Mark Jansen combines great in depth knowledge of privacy law with exceptional communicational and problem solving skills. Working with him gives us the feeling that we are in save hands. He reacts promptly on legal questions, and he can make complex problems easy to understand. He has a great strategic eye and is therefore good in advising the board room on complex legal questions.’
Key clients
Bernhoven
RegiozorgNU
Kenter
Info Support
Coöperatie HONK
Slingeland Ziekenhuis
Isala
Vereniging Nederlandse Gemeenten
InEen
Erasmus MC
Landelijke Huisartsen Vereniging
SJG Weert
Bovemij
ROHA Amsterdam
HAN University of Applied Sciences
Alliander
Avisi Group
Sint Maartenskliniek
CCV Nederland
Amstelland Zorg
ENTRNCE
KIWA
Deventer Ziekenhuis
Flitsmeister
Gemeente Amsterdam
Gemeente Eindhoven
Work highlights
- Represented Info Support in a dispute with Peelgemeenten regarding a contract for the supply of SaaS for the primary business process.
- Assisted Kenter with outsourcing its IT infrastructure to managed service provider Detron following Kenter’s divestment by Alliander N.V.
- Advised Isala on the extension of an existing technology partnership withPhilips.
DLA Piper
DLA Piper handles the full spectrum of IT matters, including business process outsourcing, technology transactions, IT contracts, and dispute resolution. The practice also demonstrates particular strength in emerging and disruptive technologies, such as AI, IT design and project implementation, as well as IT integration after mergers. Khaled Dadi leads the practice, while Floris de Wit has notable expertise in the IT and technology elements of M&A deals, outsourcings, and technology-related agreements.
Practice head(s):
Khaled Dadi
Other key lawyers:
Floris de Wit
Testimonials
‘This team seeks to understand all aspects of the transaction when assessing IP/technology issues, which makes their guidance more targeted and valuable.’
‘Floris de Wit went above and beyond in helping our team sort through critical issues.’
‘I have been working with Khaled Dadi. He has an excellent blend of legal and technical expertise with a strong commercial and strategic mindset. Khaled has been very responsive and flexible in his availability.’
‘Approachable, knowledgeable, pragmatic, and realistic.’
‘Floris de Wit is an excellent attorney. He has an excellent grasp of the law, negotiates very well, and manages transaction process well.’
‘Floris de Wit is committed, has an eye for the business by providing pragmatic advice, as well as available and accessible.’
‘The team is practical and flexible.’
‘Floris de Wit is excellent at negotiating IT contracts.’
Key clients
Accell
AIG
Atos Nederland B.V
BigCommerce
Cushman & Wakefield
Danone
Dentsu Aegis
Eviden
European Commission
HSO International B.V
ING Bank
Irdeto B.V
iRhythm Technologies
Lionsville
Meyn
NCC Group
Paragon
Rabobank
Rituals
Shoparize
Tech Mahindra
Unilever
VodafoneZiggo
William Hill
WNS
Work highlights
- Assisted Rabobank with drafting the necessary contracts to implement carbon reduction schemes.
- Assisted Irdeto on strategic matters involving the use of new technologies.
- Assisted Dutch banks with their DORA compliance project.
Houthoff
With the support of the firm’s dispute resolution, financial law, M&A and competition teams, the TMT practice at Houthoff has vast experience in IT contracting, outsourcing, and technology matters. Thomas de Weerd heads the practice and specialises in technology and outsourcing contracts, with a strong focus on digital platforms, cybersecurity, mobility and financial services. Jurre Reus has significant expertise in new technology legislation, consumer protection, digital platforms and IT disputes, while Nicole Bilderbeek focuses on data protection and intellectual property law.
Practice head(s):
Thomas de Weerd
Other key lawyers:
Jurre Reus; Nicole Bilderbeek
Key clients
Marktplaats
2dehands.be
Royal Schiphol Group
eBay International
Tesla
PayPal
Kia
Verisure
BYD
Nexperia
Huawei
Hyundai
DAF Trucks
XPeng
SIDN
VolkerWessels
Bloomberg
Capgemini
Work highlights
- Advised Marktplaats and 2dehands.be on the full range of IT and technology matters, including compliance with the Digital Services Act.
- Assisted Royal Schiphol Group with the drafting of an extensive set of IT and non-IT procurement agreement templates and general conditions.
- Advised SIDN on a joint venture partnership with CIRA.
Leeway
Leeway’s key strengths lie in IT and outsourcing initiatives, software and data licensing, as well as the implementation of SaaS solutions. The team is particularly noted for its experience in handling key data protection and cybersecurity projects, and is led by Michiel van Ast, who is versed in digital transformation, IT disputes, and commercial contracts. Michiel Odink is a key contact for digital business, media entertainment and retail sectors, while Niels Eberson is another key member of the team.
Practice head(s):
Michiel van Ast
Other key lawyers:
Michiel Odink; Niels Eberson
Testimonials
‘The team at Leeway is very knowledgeable, professional, and dedicated to their clients. They provided clear, strategic advice and were always available to answer our questions and address my concerns. I highly recommend Leeway.’
‘I had the pleasure of working with Michiel van Ast, and I am impressed by his exceptional legal acumen and professionalism. Michiel provided strategic, insightful advice, instrumental in achieving a favourable outcome in one of the bigger matters. He is always accessible, responsive, and committed to understanding our needs and concerns. His dedication to excellence and client satisfaction truly sets him apart. I highly recommend Michiel to anyone seeking top-tier legal expertise. Niels Eberson showed dedication and professionalism. Niels displayed a great understanding of the law and provided clear, insightful advice. He was furthermore always eager to assist.’
‘I work most with Michiel van Ast and Michiel Odink and their team members. They are very responsive and able to become quickly up to speed in existing matters where their input is required.’
‘They offer a good combination of commercial awareness and in-depth legal expertise in the information technology space.’
‘For several years, I’ve had the pleasure of seeing Michiel van Ast and his team at work, particularly with complex tech matters. The team consistently delivers sharp, business-focused legal advice, which helps their clients save time and money and addresses potential problems before they arise. Their strength lies in making the complex simple and getting deals done efficiently.’
‘I’ve known Michiel van Ast and closely worked with him. One of the standout partners in the IT market, he is my first choice for the most complex collaborations and combines deep knowledge of tech matters with strategic thinking.’
Key clients
Shell Recharge Solutions
PVH Europe
Danone
Baidu Inc.
Backbase
Signify
Axelera AI
Source.ag
O2 Worldwide
Karl Lagerfeld
Captin
Royal Swinkels Family Brewers
Eezeetags
The Fabricant
Lab Digital
Unica ICT Solutions
Logpay
BlueAlp
Sourceful ICT
Ambitious People Group
IJsvogel Retail
SocialBlox
NBD Biblion
PM Factory
Quanza
Blink Charging
SpeakUp
Zorg van de Zaak
BioBTX
Aethon
Sdu
Work highlights
- Advised Axelera AI, the developer of the innovative ‘Metis AI Platform’, on a range of commercial matters.
- Assisted Blink Charging, with its template European reseller agreement.
- Advised leading ethics and compliance SaaS provider SpeakUp on several matters, including partnership agreements.
Osborne Clarke
A key port of call for IT transactions, licensing, GDPR compliance, data regulation, and fintech regulation, Osborne Clarke is jointly led by Coen Barneveld Binkhuysen and Joanne Zaaijer . Binkhyusen is skilled at software development, IoT projects, and blockchain matters, while Zaaijer focuses on privacy and data protection law.
Practice head(s):
Coen Barneveld Binkhuysen; Joanne Zaaijer
Testimonials
‘Osborne Clarke is very nice to work with because the team is very nice and hands-on, responding very quickly.’
‘Coen Barneveld Binkhuysen is very strong at understanding the needs of me as a client and providing a tailored solution. He knows where to focus and therefore adds great value in very little time.’
‘The IT team is knowledgeable and a pleasure to work with.’
‘I frequently encounter Coen Barneveld Binkhuysen. Coen is a reasonable, cooperative, and an approachable lawyer.’
‘They are fun to work with as a team.’
‘Coen Barneveld Binkhuysen is a future partner in this field.’
Key clients
Aptean
Baxter
HEMA
Koa Health
LeasePlan
Levi9 Global Sourcing
Lucid Group
MediaMonks
Meta
Oaky
XXImo
Work highlights
- Advised OpenText on the Dutch aspects of its $2.275bn acquisition by Rocket Software, Inc.
- Advised Simplicate Holding B.V. on the divestment of Simplicate Software to Blinqx.
- Assisted Meta Platforms, Inc with a wide variety of matters.
Taylor Wessing
Taylor Wessing ‘s IT practice is led by Otto Sleeking, who provides counsel on IT sourcing, contract negotiations, vendor selection and RFP documentation. Martijn Loth is noted for his expertise in tech-related commercial contracts and regulatory compliance.
Practice head(s):
Otto Sleeking
Other key lawyers:
Martijn Loth
Testimonials
‘They provide very hands-on advice and recommendations.’
‘Martijn Loth is approachable, easy to reach, gives clear advice, and has extensive knowledge.’
‘Martijn Loth is extremely friendly and helpful. It is a true pleasure working with him.’
‘Martijn Loth is a very competent, knowledgeable lawyer. He is very pragmatic, realistic, and easy to work with. He is very skilled at analysing a situation and determining how to manage the dispute from a strategic perspective. He will de-escalate matters during negotiations. I would recommend him to anyone.’
‘Martijn Loth is a good lawyer with a strong track record in the IT sector. Martijn is a pragmatic and tech-savvy lawyer with in-depth experience in technology-related commercial contracting and negotiations, dispute resolution , and advisory work on new technologies.’
‘They provide tailored, practical advice.’
‘Our company has been working with Taylor Wessing for several years, and we value the expertise and historical knowledge that the team has built over the years about our business. Martijn Loth is the counsel we most frequently work with. He has extensive expertise and understanding of the IT industry and provides valuable insights into the matter at hand from various angles. We have always received timely and excellent practical advice.’
‘Taylor Wessing’s IT practice stands out for its unique combination of deep legal expertise and technological understanding, which allows the team to serve as legal advisors and strategic business partners.’
Key clients
CleverFranke
CM.com
Divido
ENECO
Homefashion Group
ING Bank N.V
Kawasaki Motors Europe NV
Riwal
Sociale Verzekeringsbank
Sony
Technische Unie BV
Sonepar Group
Technische Universiteit Eindhoven
Unisys Nederland NV
Unisys Europe Limited
Vinted
WCC Group
On Air
ABN AMRO
Adelante
Bunge Loders Croklaan
Lidl
Semmie
Technische Universiteit Delft
Keylane
DuckDuckGoose
Work highlights
- Assisted ING Bank with the use of electronic signatures, eIDAS-compliance, and related IT-contractual issues.
- Represented a major European bank in a software licensing dispute.
- Assisted a major technology vendor with ongoing product counselling.
Turing Law
A boutique firm, Turing Law is a trusted advisor on IT, data and digital transformation matters, with particular expertise in cloud computing, artificial intelligence, mobile apps, medical devices. The team is also boasts significant expertise on open-source software, cybersecurity and encryption. Huub de Jong has notable experience in IT, data, and outsourcing projects, and Tom de Wit focuses on IT and privacy-related contract negotiations.
Practice head(s):
Huub de Jong; Tom de Wit
Key clients
Incentro
Deloitte
Fysicon
Nederland Centrum Jeugdgezondheid
Flexous
Vesteda
Pink Gellac
Zorg van de Zaak
De Mandemakers Groep
Cerba No
Klaverblad
Aragorn
Group 2000
Patiëntenfederatie Nederland
Cordstrap
Novacair
NLX
Havensteder
Vigo
BghU
Open Satisfaction
Cyclomedia
Grabowsky
Moonpig
Stoov
Anywhere 365
Holland Casino
Ministry of Education, Culture and Science
The Next Web
Woonstad
ZLM
Trengo
Falcon Force
Merem
Atermes
Fiber Operator
Iunxi
SVG
Work highlights
- Assisted Cerba Research with modernising its IT landscape and contracting strategic vendors to support this transformation.
- Assisted Klaverblad with acquiring a new digital insurance platform and contracting with several vendors.
- Assisted Incentro, a provider of innovative IT solutions, with contracting with its key customers.
Van Rappard Minneboo Klingenberg
Van Rappard Minneboo Klingenberg’s ‘experienced and highly skilled IT attorneys’ team offers comprehensive support on outsourcing matters, SaaS, digital marketing and data processing agreements. Roald Minneboo is skilled at outsourcing and IT consulting agreements and co-heads the practice with Godert Van Rappard, who has vast litigation and copyright experience, and Helmer Klingenberg, who specialises in cybersecurity matters.
Practice head(s):
Roald Minneboo; Helmer Klingenberg; Godert van Rappard
Testimonials
‘They are hands-on and easily approachable.’
‘Roald Minneboo is a sharp litgator. Godert van Rappard is smart and great in court.’
‘Helmer Klingenberg’s deep expertise, combined with his ability to navigate legal and technical complexities, sets him apart as a leader in the field. He has an exceptional ability to dissect complex IT systems and understand the legal implications of new and evolving technologies.’
‘The team works very professionally. The team is confident and pleasant to work with.’
‘Helmer Klingenberg is dedicated and highly motivated to help us in the case. He is very knowledgeable and has a pragmatic approach. Helmer is very approachable, and it is a pleasure working with him.’
‘This firm stands out as a leader in IT law, with a remarkable depth of expertise. Their thorough understanding of the IT landscape, paired with their insights into boardroom dynamics, makes them an indispensable partner for any IT-related legal matters. The team consistently demonstrates intelligence and professionalism, making them a pleasure to work with.’
‘Helmer Klingenberg is a standout IT lawyer known for delivering exceptional results while ensuring smooth client relationships. His expertise in IT and contract law is invaluable to companies navigating complex legal environments. He has a unique grasp of IT law that few lawyers possess.’
‘Helmer Klingenberg is a great negotiator who will also help ensure project timelines are managed. Roald Minneboo has a sharp eye for detail and sound IT expertise. Combined, Helmer and Roald are a force to be reckoned with in any negotiation.’
Key clients
VML
June Technologies
Datenna
Wunderman Thompson
Delft University of Technology
FedEx Express
The Blue Sky Group
Volaris Group
Agiboo
SiteLucent
BeeXact
Tavr Sizing
Salvia BioElectronic
Appsolutely
Perfectly Basics
Appical
Waterland
IZI motive
Tricorp
Wereldhave
Achmea
Qualinx
Billy Grace
Bangma Verpakkingen
Lanner Europe
Geostruct
Simacan
Felton
Stamhuis
Eneriso
Phrenos
ACE
Health Monks
Today.Rocks
Piano Couture
Dencom
Work highlights
- Assisted an international listed company with all of its IT-related procurement contracts, such as cloud computing agreements.
- Assisted VML with a broad variety of IT and IP legal services, such as the conclusion of SaaS agreements.
- Assisted Blue Sky Group with a complex IT outsourcing in a heavily regulated segment.
AKD
AKD is particularly well-versed in service contracts, public procurement, as well as disputes arising from unsuccessful IT projects and M&A transactions. Martin Hemmer leads the practice and is noted for his expertise in handling IT project implementation conflicts, while Renée Schipper focuses on IT project management.
Practice head(s):
Martin Hemmer
Other key lawyers:
Renée Schipper
Testimonials
‘Renée Schipper has expertise in her field and is easily accessible.’
‘Professionalism, knowledge, and pleasant interactions.’
‘AKD has lots of team members with vast experience.’
‘They have superb knowledge.’
‘The team are very competent in information technology.’
‘The individuals are very competent and cooperative. They listen to the client.’
‘We have worked with AKD, and they have notable expertise and flexibility.’
Key clients
Vitec Software Group
SUSE
CIZ
Aevitae
Electronic Repair Logistics
Andes
SDL
Track Innovations
UMG
Invivo
Flow Real Estate BV
Win Logistics
Work highlights
- Advised CIZ on various multi-million IT projects, including drafting commercial contracts.
- Represented software provider SDL in a case against the Dutch State regarding the use of software beyond the scope of the license.
A&O Shearman
A&O Shearman is a key port of call for technology clients on corporate, commercial, financing, employment, and M&A matters. Gijs Linse regularly acts for clients on private M&A transactions and co-heads the practice with Frits Gerritzen, who handles the structuring of IP portfolios for both purchasers and vendors.
Practice head(s):
Gijs Linsen; Frits Gerritzen
Key clients
Prosus
Auxmoney
Silverflow
Bux
Exor
Randstad
European Payments Initiative
SPEAR Investments
Wolters Kluwer
Bending Spoons
Meridiam
Work highlights
- Advised Randstad on its acquisition of Torc, a next-generation AI-powered talent marketplace platform.
- Advised Bending Spoons on its strategic acquisition of WeTransfer, the renowned digital file-sharing service.
De Clercq Advocaten Notariaat
A key port of call for cloud service providers and buyers in the healthcare, education and public sectors, De Clercq Advocaten Notariaat is praised for its ‘strong communication skills.’ Practice head Natascha van Duuren, known for her ‘pragmatic and goal-oriented approach’, has vast experience in handling outsourcing, cloud sourcing, procurement and related disputes. Jeroen van Helden focuses on IT contracts, software licensing, and compliance matters.
Practice head(s):
Natascha van Duuren
Other key lawyers:
Jeroen van Helden; Menno de Wijs
Testimonials
‘They have all types of expertise within the company.’
‘Natascha van Duuren is a social and knowledgeable person who can help and support us with all IT questions.’
‘Jeroen van Helden is proactive.’
‘We appreciate the responsiveness and strong communication skills of the team.’
‘Menno de Wijs has an exceptional ability to quickly grasp complex legal issues and provide pragmatic, well-founded advice. His ability to communicate complex legal concepts clearly and concisely makes him our go-to lawyer.’
‘The team is highly skilled and knowledgeable in legal and GDPR matters.’
‘De Clercq’s lawyers connect my thought process about the solution to the problem at hand. In my experience, that is not a given. That gives me confidence to be fully open and always ensures the best advice and legal products.’
‘They are knowledgeable and professional yet responsive, dynamic, and flexible.’
Key clients
Leiden University
Secura B.V
Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment
The Salvation Army in the Netherlands
Regional Public Health Service Hollands-Midden
Futureproof Group B.V
A2B Online B.V
Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Moveshelf Labs B.V
Collabite B.V
Managed-IT B.V
Zooma Group B.V
Caide B.V
Jongeneel Transport B.V
Unidex B.V
Global Liner Agencies BV
Global Logistics Agencies BV
National Association of Mentorship Network Netherlands
Fortezza Holding B.V
HTX Automatisering B.V
Protocolbuster B.V
UW Holding B.V
Advisor ICT Solutions B.V
Omnidesk B.V
Central Works Council of ICT Group Holding B.V
New Technology Network Team Rotterdam B.V
Mostware Automatisering B.V
EyeTi Tendermanagement B.V
Vakopleiding Functioneel Beheer B.V
IP Campus Holding B.V
Work highlights
- Advised the Salvation Army in the Netherlands on the purchase of cloud services for an electronic client record system, which will process large volumes of highly sensitive personal data.
- Advised logistics service provider A2B-Online on the implementation of NIS2 by conducting a gap analysis, updating privacy and cybersecurity policies, and setting up an appropriate governance structure.
- Advised Moveshelf Labs on the status of its Software-as-a-Service cloud application.
Dentons
Dentons is skilled at e-commerce, software licensing and SaaS contract negotiations, as well as outsourcing matters. Alexander Odle heads the practice and specialises in e-commerce litigation, licensing structures, and technology transfer agreements. Elze \'t Hart was a new arrival in early 2025.
Practice head(s):
Alexander Odle
Other key lawyers:
Thom Caro; Rosemarie Schaar; Elze ‘t Hart
Testimonials
‘Rosemarie Schaar stands out. She is dedicated, smart, and easy to work with.’
‘Dentons can keep their advice very pragmatic and fitting for the situation at hand.’
‘Individuals are very service-oriented, quick to respond, and provide suitable solutions for questions. Specifically, I have worked with Thom Caro and would like to praise the high quality of his work.’
‘They are tech-savvy lawyers with a true passion for what they do.’
‘They have top tier knowledge and are pragmatic.’
Key clients
EuroParcs
Floral Software Holding
eKomi Holding GmbH
HERE Technologies
Saphyre
Work highlights
- Advised an internationally operating neo-bank on a nationwide IT project relating to public transport, covering the full scope of the project.
- Assisted a US-based software company with drafting of one of the key IT contracts relating to data storage for a Dutch-based globally operating bank.
HabrakenRutten
Praised as 'very experienced', HabrakenRutten is a key port of call for various infrastructure, real estate, and energy clients on various technology matters. Practice head Jan Brölmann regularly assists clients with outsourcing and cloud-sourcing transactions, digital transformations, and IT-related litigation.
Practice head(s):
Jan Brölmann
Testimonials
‘The team specialises in a combination of tech and real estate projects, which is a great combination.’
‘Jan Brölmann can be considered a true tech lawyer and outsourcing specialist. He is friendly, pragmatic, and client-oriented.’
‘The team ie very experienced and able to manage complex negotiations.’
‘Jan Brölmann nice to work with, pragmatic, and business oriented.’
‘The team has broad and specialised knowledge of construction-related fields.’
‘Good availability.’
Key clients
Royal VolkerWessels
Dura Vermeer
Renewi
Royal Terberg Group
Fujitsu
Vialis
VolkerWessels Telecom
OMRT
Unica
KWS Infra
G&S
Essent
Nijhuis Bouw
Work highlights
- Advised Fujitsu on both contentious and non-contentious IT projects.
- Advised Renewi on a major outsourcing transaction relating to the global use of a critical ERP solution.
- Advised Dura Vermeer on its digital transformation and related outsourcing agreements.
Hogan Lovells International LLP
Under the headship of Joke Bodewits, Hogan Lovells International LLP‘s practice advises domestic and international clients on privacy and cybersecurity issues. The practice is also a key choice for GDPR compliance and data governance strategies. Bodewits is often engaged in EU and global strategic privacy, AI, and cybersecurity projects.
Practice head(s):
Joke Bodewits
Key clients
Booking.com
Wolters Kluwer
Amylyx Pharmaceuticals
Verisure
PVH
Bencis Capital Partners
Insulet
Fluor Corporation
Azerion Group
Tikehau Capital
Zimmer Biomet
Work highlights
- Assisted Booking.com with strategic data and AI governance.
- Assisted Insulet with strategic data and AI governance.
- Advised PVH on data protection, privacy, marketing, and cybersecurity matters.
Holla legal & tax
Holla Legal & Tax offers comprehensive support across the full spectrum of IT, data privacy, cybersecurity and IP licensing matters. The team, which also has significant expertise in handling IT contracts and litigation, is co-headed by Luuk Jonker and Kim de Bonth.
Practice head(s):
Luuk Jonker; Kim de Bonth
Other key lawyers:
Pieter Ballings
Testimonials
‘The firm distinguishes itself through a combination of expertise, accessibility, responsiveness, and effective dispute resolution and litigation.’
‘The firm has thorough knowledge of both the legal aspects and the sectors they are involved in.’
‘Luuk Jonker is ably supported by Kim De Bonth and Pieter Ballings.’
Key clients
Enexis B.V
GAC Group of Companies B.V
Broad Horizon Solutions B.V
Focus Solutions B.V
The Digital Neighborhood
OTTO Work Force B.V
Port of Moerdijk
ICT Group B.V
Solmate Holding B.V
ISD Benelux B.V
Huboo Technologies Limited
Ricoh Nederland B.V
Rainbow Solutions B.V
My Jewellery B.V
Plato Group B.V
Talent Inc. Company
X2User B.V
Code Sharp Holding B.V
Artefact Media Benelux B.V
WE Bouwen B.V
Forza Consulting B.V
Experlogix B.V
Spotmaster B.V
Rainbow Solutions B.V
Munckhof Groep B.V
Language Institue Regina Coeli B.V
Stichting Woonbedrijf SWS.HhvL
Stichting Rijnhart Wonen
Stichting BrabantZorg
Konica Minolta Sensing Europe B.V
Work highlights
- Represented Enexis on a long-term conflict over an €40m IT-implementation against Accenture and Oracle.
- Represented GAC in a €1.5m IT implementation conflict with the Dutch company Verano B.V.
- Represented Rainbow Solutions in a landmark case surrounding the infringement on their licensed software.
Louwers IP Technology Advocaten
Louwers IP Technology Advocaten‘s broad caseload encompasses IT contracting, outsourcing, cloud sourcing, and regulatory compliance. The department is headed by Ernst-Jan Louwers and Frank Rutgers. Louwers has expertise in handling R&D agreements, outsourcing, software development, and licensing, while Rutgers is a key contact for startups and scale-ups on IT transactions and litigation.
Practice head(s):
Ernst-Jan Louwers; Frank Rutgers
Key clients
Driscoll’s
Asito B.V
Savant Zorg
Smart Photonics B.V
Sorama B.V
CycleSoftware B.V
CTOUCH
Satsearch Holding B.V
iWize B.V
Syncforce
Hercuton B.V
BioCheck B.V
Nippur B.V
PodoPrinter B.V
Skills Intelligence B.V
Yorizon B.V
Suncom Energy B.V
Altrimex Packaging Equipment B.V
Resoniks
Work highlights
- Assisted BioCheck with setting up a licensing and sales structure.
- Assisted Savant with transitioning to a new main IT supplier.
- Represented Altrimex in a court case against its IT supplier about a failed ERP system implementation of MS Dynamics Navision and MS Dynamics CRM as an integrated system.
SOLV Advocaten
SOLV Advocaten's key services include advice on IT disputes, licensing, digital data processing, and online platform liability. Wanda van Kerkvoorden co-heads the practice with Douwe Linders, who regularly assists IT and cloud providers with IT compliance and GDPR infringements class-action litigation.
Practice head(s):
Wanda van Kerkvoorden; Douwe Linders
Other key lawyers:
Yentl van den Winkel
Testimonials
‘A firm that is highly specialised with a good balance between senior and junior staff that allows for different perspectives on matters. The firm not only excels in legal advice but also clear communication and availability.’
‘Yentl van den Winkel is the rising star and is our first choice when it comes to transactions and litigation as well as pragmatic legal advice.’
Key clients
SAP
Avaya
Catawiki
Pixyle.ai
Aiir Innovations
4NG
BSU
Finalist
Work highlights
- Represented JD Knowledge in multi-million euro litigation against the Port of Rotterdam and subsidiary Portbase for database infringement.
- Represented a large software developer in a multi-million euro IT dispute.
- Advised 4NG on the acquisition of several digital agencies.
Van Benthem & Keulen
Praised for its ‘very hands-on, solution-driven approach’, Van Benthem & Keulen is a key contact for clients from the financial sector on cloud-sourcing transactions. The practice is led by Robert Boekhorst. Elze ‘t Hart left the firm.
Practice head(s):
Robert Boekhorst
Testimonials
‘They have a very hands-on, solution-driven approach.’
‘Robert Boekhorst’s knowledge and expertise significantly contribute to ensuring thorough and robust contracting arrangements.’
‘This practice stands out due to its exceptional combination of deep legal expertise and client-centred approach. One of its key strengths lies in its ability to handle complex, multidisciplinary matters, offering comprehensive solutions tailored to client needs. The team excels in areas such as IT and IP law and is known for its ability to provide clear, strategic guidance on even the most challenging cases.’
‘I especially value the team’s strong communication, responsiveness, and commitment to delivering results, often surpassing expectations.’
‘The presence of Robert Boekhorst makes VBK’s IT practice stand out.’
‘Robert Boekhorst is highly experienced, exudes senior partner presence in negotiations, and is a pleasure to work with.’
‘Van Benthem & Keulen is our preferred supplier for legal matters in the IT field. My experience in recent years working with Van Benthem has been very positive, with the ultimate output being good.’
‘A hands-on team with a focus on IT & outsourcing.’
Key clients
ING Bank
PostNL
APG
Triodos Bank
Odido
KLM
SAP
SHV Energy
Transdev
Buma/Stemra
SHV Holdings
VvAA
Scildon
Dutch National Railways
Sanoma
Air Traffic Control the Netherlands
Sanquin
Work highlights
- Advised SHV Holdings on a global outsourcing contract agreement for cyber security services encompassing all SHV companies worldwide.
- Advised VvAA on the outsourcing of its key insurance platform.
- Advised Buma and Stemra on a business-critical outsourcing of a music rights management platform.
Whitebridge Advocatuur B.V.
Regularly assisting clients with GDPR and related disputes, Whitebridge Advocatuur B.V. is renowned for its expertise in IT contracts and cloud and security issues. Anja Dekhuijzen heads the department and focuses on IT, outsourcing, and data privacy.
Practice head(s):
Anja Dekhuijzen
Testimonials
‘Profound experience and knowledge in the field.’
‘Commitment to the client and exceptionally sharp insight in the field of privacy, outsourcing, and IT law.’
‘Excellent and up-to-date knowledge of all issues. They have an outstanding ability to focus on the fundamental issues for the customer, address the legal risks, and explain them to the customer.’
‘Anja Dekhuijzen can keep things concise and to the point, taking a well-balanced approach that includes taking the lead on legal areas.’
‘The practice is exceptional in providing excellent legal advice.’
‘The partner of Whitebridge Advocatuur is intelligent and very pleasant to work with.’
Key clients
KPMG Advisory Services B.V
HZPC Holland B.V
Technische Universiteit Delft
Bridgestone Europe N.V./S.A
ARAG-SE Nederland
IPsoftENTSO-E