ARTICLE · 16 OCTOBER 2024

G 1/23 - Potential Changes Ahead For What Constitutes "State Of The Art"?

Keltie LLP

Explore more from Keltie LLP

The EPO Enlarged Board of Appeal's preliminary opinion on G 1/23 suggests overturning G 1/92, concluding that a publicly available product constitutes prior art, even if its composition is irreproducible. This could impact patent strategies across various industries, pending a final decision.

United KingdomIntellectual Property

Daniel Sanz Sharley

Author LinkedIn connections

The EPO Enlarged Board of Appeal has now issued its preliminary (and non-binding) opinion on G 1/23. This referral (from the Technical Board of Appeal in T 438/19) seeks to clarify whether a commercially available product, with an undisclosed composition or internal structure, must be analysable and reproducible by the skilled person in order to constitute prior art under Article 54(2) EPC.

G 1/23 vs. G 1/92

The preliminary opinion on G 1/23 appears to overturn G 1/92, which had previously concluded that for a product to become prior art, the skilled person must be able to determine the composition of the product and then reproduce it without undue burden. Amongst its reasoning in the preliminary opinion, the Enlarged Board on G 1/23 states that G 1/92 "would directly lead to the result that irreproducible products would effectively cease to exist for the purposes of the EPC. The Enlarged Board is of the opinion that such an extreme result could not have been

We operate a free-to-view policy, asking only that you register in order to read all of our content. Please login or register to view the rest of this article.

Register for freeORLog in

Related Articles

A Tale Of Two Cities: The Cambridge X Manchester Partnership

United KingdomIntellectual Property

Counterfeit Headphones Face The Music: Marshall Wins Trade Mark Infringement Case Against Counterfeit Retailer

United KingdomIntellectual Property

UK Government Response To Consultation On SEPs Highlights What Is And Is Not Needed

United KingdomIntellectual Property

Herbert Smith Freehills Kramer LLP

How To Stop Counterfeit Goods: Your Enforcement Options

United KingdomIntellectual Property

Who Is The Average Consumer In Trade Mark Law In The World Of Fashion? (Podcast)

United KingdomIntellectual Property

Legal Intelligence Newsletters: sign up for the latest legal and regulatory news on your chosen topics

Read more about

Intellectual Property
- Patent

Related Comparative Guides

Comparative Guide

Trademark Disputes

Comparative Guide

Franchise & Licensing

Comparative Guide

Patent Litigation

Comparative Guide

Intellectual Property

See more popular content from

Intellectual Property

EU AI Act Article 50: New AI Transparency Rules

Article 50 of the EU AI Act introduces sweeping transparency obligations for AI providers and deployers, requiring disclosure of AI interactions, marking of AI-generated content, and labeling of deepfakes. These rules carry significant commercial and IP implications for businesses using AI to create marketing materials, synthetic influencers, and other valuable assets.

European UnionIntellectual Property

Potter Clarkson LLP

AI, Deepfakes And Image Rights: Does English Law Protect Your Face, Voice And Likeness?

Generative AI has created a legal vacuum where synthetic images and deepfakes can be created and shared without consent, yet English law offers no standalone "image right" to protect individuals. With celebrities like Lisa Riley and over 80 performers demanding reform, the question is whether the UK's patchwork of intellectual property, data protection, and common law protections can adequately address this rapidly evolving threat to personal autonomy and reputation.

United KingdomIntellectual Property

Mills & Reeve LLP

The Sound Of Ownership: Why AI Voice Cloning Is Raising New IP Questions

As AI voice cloning technology becomes increasingly sophisticated and accessible, the Save Our Voices Now campaign calls for statutory rights allowing individuals to own and control their voice as intellectual property. This article examines whether existing UK law sufficiently protects one of our most personal and recognisable attributes, exploring copyright, trade marks, passing off, and the practical steps individuals and businesses can take.

United KingdomIntellectual Property

High Court Clarifies The Limits Of Copyright Claims Against Online Marketplaces

The UK High Court has delivered a landmark ruling on online marketplace liability, dismissing Shein's copyright infringement claims against Temu and clarifying when platforms can be held responsible for third-party content. The judgment examines the boundaries of copyright ownership in complex supply chains and establishes important precedents for how marketplace operators should respond to infringement allegations.

United KingdomIntellectual Property

Joining The Dots – Part 4: Deadlines Announced

ICANN received over 1600 applications for new generic top-level domains (gTLDs) after closing its application window in August 2026. With Reveal Day set for October 7, 2026, brand owners must prepare to review published strings and consider filing legal rights objections by the March 16, 2027 deadline to protect their trademarks from potential infringement.

United KingdomIntellectual Property

The Manchester Creative Industries AI Summit – The Government's Opportunity To Set Out A Policy Direction On Copyright And AI?

Prime Minister Andy Burnham has convened the Creative Industries AI Summit in Manchester to bring together rightsholders, regulators, platforms and AI labs to align on a common approach to copyright-protected works in AI development. The Summit will unveil the 'Manchester Principles', a framework establishing minimum conditions for using human creative work to train generative AI models.

United KingdomIntellectual Property

Just A Matter Of Semantics? Patenting AI Inventions After The Emotional Perception Saga

The Emotional Perception saga has become a defining case for patenting AI inventions in the UK. Most significantly, the Supreme Court judgement1 of February 2026 has reformed the examination of mixed-typed inventions in general, i.e. inventions containing a ‘mixture’ of technical and non-technical features.

United KingdomIntellectual Property

Patent Maintenance & Renewal Fees In The UK: A Quick Guide

Understanding the financial commitment of patent maintenance is essential for long-term IP protection. UK patents require annual renewal fees starting four years after filing, with costs increasing progressively each year.

United KingdomIntellectual Property

UPC CoA Confirms Jurisdiction Over Pending European Patent Application

The UPC Court of Appeal has confirmed that the Unified Patent Court can exercise jurisdiction over European patent applications, provided they are granted before the defendant files their statement of defence. This landmark decision means patent holders may now be locked into the UPC system even before their patents are officially granted, fundamentally changing the strategic timing considerations for opting out of UPC jurisdiction.

United KingdomIntellectual Property

Guarding Your Brand: Trademark Scams In The UK

Trademark phishing campaigns are rising, with businesses increasingly being targeted by highly sophisticated, AI-driven trademark scams. Alice Wright analyses a prominent registration scam recently circulating in the UK to offer advice on how to identify trademark scams, what immediate steps to take if targeted, and how to proactively protect your business through legitimate channels.

United KingdomIntellectual Property

Novagraaf Netherlands BV