Electricity generation, transmission, distribution, and trade
are considered public services by court decisions. The liberal
economy policies enforced following the entry into force of the
1982 Constitution also find their place in the electricity market.
Accordingly, providing the public services via civil law contracts
was made possible with the amendments to the Turkish Constitution
in 1999.
The Electricity Market Law no. 4628 was later introduced in
2001, and services in the electricity market were provided by
private persons for the first time. On the other hand, due to the
monopoly nature of electricity markets, these markets are highly
regulated and subject to supervision. In order to fulfil such
regulation duties, the Electricity Market Regulatory Authority was
founded in 2001, and afterwards, its mandated areas of activity
expanded to other types of energy branches as well, thus, it was
rechristened as the Energy Market Regulatory Authority [the
"EMRA"]. The
