I. Generally
Rules of Procedure
Turkish rules of civil procedure are mainly to be found in Code of Civil Procedure of 1927 ("CCP"). CCP contains rules of procedure for civil and commercial courts excluding summary procedure for debt recovery and enforcement of judgments which are subject to the Code of Civil Execution and Bankruptcy of 1932.
Courts
Civil Courts are established in every district of the country (i.e. including small towns as well as cities) and divided as Basic Civil Courts and Peace Courts. Peace Courts have general jurisdiction on small claims for an amount not more than 100.000.000 Liras (about $ 1000) and on a number of special cases prescribed in Art. 8 of CCP. Basic Civil Courts are compatent for all other civil and commercial cases. In larger cities such as Istanbul and Ankara, the Civil Court has a Commercial Chamber which is called a Commercial Court. Cases between two commercial firms as well as all the cases concerning commercial matters defined in Art. 4
