In order to determine in which jurisdiction to commence an action for damages in claims relating to carriage of persons and cargo by air, two levels of jurisdiction have to be determined.

In shipping adventures, calamities such as damage, loss of lives and goods may occur.

Litigation or the process of dispute resolution is termed to be a very serious process. It is the process that potentially culminates in the determination of parties' rights and liabilities...

The service on a ship or other property, of a writ in an admiralty action in rem, is governed mainly by Order 6 rules 1, 2 and 3 of the Admiralty Jurisdiction Procedure Rules, 2011 (AJPR).