On 9 November 2008, the PRC announced an RMB 4 trillion stimulus package in response to the global financial crisis. The funds will be invested in ten key sectors over the course of two years, and a considerable part will be distributed in accordance with government procurement laws.

On 21 May 2009 the Parliament of Ukraine passed the law "On amending certain laws for incentivizing production and utilization of biological fuel", stimulating the production of bio-fuel.

Customs proceedings are one of the legal measures that holders of intellectual property rights (“IP Rights”) can use for enforcement in the Peoples Republic of China (“PRC”).

The Implementing Rules on the PRC Food Safety Law ("Food Safety Rules") became effective on 20 July 2009, the date of their promulgation by the PRC State Council.

Worldwide about USD 176 billion is turned over with counterfeits, which accounts for approximately two per cent of the world trade. On a legislative level, the PRC has made considerable efforts to better protect proprietors of industrial property rights.

The PRC Enterprise Income Tax (EIT) Law and its implementation regulations, effective from 1 January 2008, grant preferential EIT treatment to enterprises involved in public infrastructure, synergistic utilisation of resources, environmental protection, conservation of energy and water and production safety.

On 16 March 2007 the National People's Congress has also finally adopted the PRC Property Law ("Property Law") which shall become effective as of 1 October 2007.

Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court addresses limitation of liability in standard terms, liability for unauthorised agent actions, frustration of contract, limits on liquidated damages and settling debts

The flow of foreign investments into the PRC remains strong. However, investments going into the opposite direction, i.e. from the PRC to Europe, did not show a clear trend.

Revised new rules in China impose onerous registration requirements for all new chemical substances produced in or imported into the People’s Republic of China ("China"). These revised regulations, titled "Measures for Environmental Management of New Chemical Substances", require almost all businesses dealing with chemical substances in China to comply with the registration and reporting requirements, and are significantly more burdensome than the previous rules. They became effective on 15 Octo

Attracting additional private investments to the Russian economy and ensuring that state property is used effectively are the two main tasks to be solved at the current stage of the economic reforms being implemented in the country.

Both the EU enlargement and the Orange Revolution have provided additional boost to the recovering Ukrainian economy. Multinationals are now more than ever interested in expanding into Ukraine (the "China of Europe" as it is now called by many), while local companies vie to conquer as much of the domestic market as possible ahead of the newcomers.

In response to the small number of foreign-invested enterprises ("FIEs") listed on Chinese stock exchanges and the decline of inbound direct foreign investment, the PRC Ministry of Commerce in the summer of 2009 announced that it would formulate policies to encourage FIEs to "go public" in China. Along similar lines, work is progressing on the establishment of an international board at the Shanghai Stock Exchange to facilitate the future issuance of A shares by foreign companies.

The National People's Congress of the People’s Republic of China has adopted on 16 March 2007 the long-awaited "PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law" which will become effective as of 1 January 2008.

Emerging markets require capital inflows and are sensitive to any outflows. Implementing structural reforms in the economy, the government and regulators in Ukraine face this dilemma and always need to balance the interests of capitalism’s "invisible hand" and sustainable growth of institutional development.

With the implementation of the "PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law" and "Regulations of Implementation of the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law" the income tax regimes for domestic enterprises and foreign-invested enterprises are unified with a flat tax rate of 25%.

VAT is a turnover tax levied on all units and individuals engaged in the sale of goods, the provision of processing, repair and replacement services and the importation of goods to the PRC.