In Egypt the parties' autonomy in a technology transfer contract is subject to the restrictions imposed by the Egyptian Commercial Code, which contains a specific chapter on the transfer of technology.

On 29th December 2022, Law No. 175 of 2022 was published in the Official Gazette, amending Law No. 3 of 2005 on the Protection of Competition and Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices.

Green hydrogen is a key element of the October 2022 new EU energy strategy. Produced from renewable energy sources, green hydrogen can be stored and transported.

The fall of the Ghaddafi Regime in August 2011 marks the end of an era and it is difficult to predict what direction Libya will take in the future.

The UAE's new Arbitration Law (Federal Law No. 6 of 2018 on Arbitration, the "Arbitration Law") came into force on 16 June 2018.