It concludes that organisations that reduce unnecessary collection and define retention with precision are often in a stronger position not only to comply with the law, but also to reduce breach impact...

Nigeria faces a mounting crisis as digital asset fraud schemes have defrauded citizens of nearly ₦911 billion between 2000 and 2023, with recent collapses like CBEX affecting hundreds of thousands of victims. As cryptocurrency transactions shift from formal banking channels to peer-to-peer networks, Nigerian regulators struggle to balance innovation with investor protection in an increasingly complex digital financial landscape.

This six-part series began in Part I with an overview of the Cape Town Convention and the Aircraft Protocol.

In an age when corporate reputation can be lost overnight through social media, celebrity conduct, or regulatory scandal, contracting parties increasingly deploy morality...

In practical terms, the Guidelines introduce a significant recalibration of the prudential baseline for a broad range of operators. The reforms affect not only firms seeking new registration...

Nigeria’s digital economy is expanding at a remarkable pace. By February 2025, there were over 430 fintech companies operating in the country, and the Nigeria Inter-Bank Settlement System Plc(NIBSS) processed ₦600 trillion in electronic payments, reflecting a 55% year-on-year increase. As digital activity rises, so does exposure to data risks, bringing with it, legal responsibilities that organisations can no longer ignore or downplay. The introduction of the Nigeria Data Protection Act 2023 marks a major shift in the country’s data governance landscape, building on the earlier Nigeria Data Protection Regulation of 2019.

Religious organisations in Nigeria occupy a revered position in society. They are not just centres of worship but also custodians of extensive personal information: baptismal and marriage registers...

Part II of the series situates aircraft financing within Nigeria's domestic legal and regulatory environment examines the statutory scaffolding presented in Part I, explaining how each statute interacts with the Convention's provisions.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is no longer confined to the world of science fiction or high-tech laboratories; it has slipped quietly into everyday life...

In the dynamic and highly regulated Nigerian financial services sector, compliance is more than a regulatory requirement, it is the foundation of institutional integrity and public trust.

Nigeria's Internet Code of Practice 2026 introduces a 48-hour breach notification requirement for Internet Access Service Providers, creating a shorter timeline than the Nigeria Data Protection Act 2023 and raising questions about overlapping regulatory obligations. This development reflects a broader global trend toward sector-specific cyber resilience requirements that demand earlier visibility into cyber incidents.

Lagos, with over 22 million digitally active residents and a startup ecosystem valued at $15.3 billion, faces mounting cyber risks that have already cost Nigeria over ₦1.1 trillion in cybercrime losses.

Financial inclusion is increasingly recognized as a catalyst for sustainable economic growth and development. Despite efforts by financial institutions and regulators, a significant portion of the global population remains unbanked or underbanked.

On 10 June 2026, the Central Bank of Nigeria ("CBN") released an Exposure Draft of the Revised Guidelines for Licensing and Regulation of Financial Holding Companies in Nigeria (the "Guidelines"). The proposed Guidelines are aimed at strengthening the regulatory framework governing Financial Holding Companies ("FHCs"), addressing governance and operational issues that have emerged under the current regime, and promoting greater consistency in the supervision of banking groups and financial conglomerates.

This literature is a six-part series that traces, analyses, and critiques the legal, regulatory, and operational framework for aircraft financing in Nigeria following domestic adoption of the 'Cape...

This article examines the divergent paths taken by three pivotal jurisdictions – UK, US and Nigeria which represent the current global spectrum of oversight.

Across many contemporary legal systems, the administration of justice increasingly stands at a moment that invites institutional reflection. Courts remain the constitutional guardians of rights and the primary fora through which disputes are formally resolved. Yet the operational realities of litigation today reveal persistent structural strain. Delays in adjudication, procedural congestion, rising litigation costs, and practical barriers to access have gradually weakened the confidence traditionally placed in conventional judicial mechanisms.

In our visually-driven world, the role of photography has never been more significant. As we engage in our daily business, attend events, or even relax with family and friends.

This article explores the challenges faced by institutions in custody of digital assets, along with the opportunities created by this new legislation.

Air travel is a contract of carriage between the airline and the passenger, governed by both international conventions and domestic aviation laws.