Kuwait's competition landscape has transformed dramatically since Law 72/2020 introduced modern merger control requirements. The Kuwaiti Competition Protection Authority now actively reviews transactions, enforces filing obligations, and imposes meaningful penalties, creating new compliance challenges for investors and multinational companies operating in the Middle East and Africa region.

Looking back at 2025, there have been impactful developments in regulatory M&A provisions across national regimes in the Middle East and Noth Africa as well as regional merger control regimes on across the African continent.

The ECOWAS consumer protection framework is entering a decisive phase of institutional maturation: the cross-border consumer protection regulation endorsed at the fifth ECOWAS Ministerial Meeting...