Although change of type is regulated under Articles 180 et seq. of the Turkish Commercial Code (TCC), a clear definition is not provided...

In recent years, ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) principles have evolved into significant normative standards that appear—either explicitly or implicitly—within the content of commercial contracts.

Due to the environmental issues, rapidly depleting natural resources, and other global problems facing the world today, the shift toward a sustainable lifestyle for both individuals and organizations is no longer a mere necessity but an absolute imperative.

While there was no separate legislation on financial leasing in Turkish law before, a legal basis was established with the adoption of the Financial Leasing Law No. 3226 in 1985.

The principle of freedom of contract, which has been adopted in modern legal systems, states that the content of the agreement may be freely determined by the parties, provided that it remains within the limits set by the law.

With Decree No. 34, which came into force in 2021, the highly respected DIFC-LCIA, a joint venture between the London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA) and the Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC), was dissolved.

The transfer of the right to use and benefit from a movable or immovable property for a price is possible with a lease agreement.

For various reasons, such as economic fluctuations, technological developments, corporate mergers, or an employer’s decision to completely cease business operations, workplaces may occasionally cease operations entirely and close down.

Commercial sales contracts are subject to special regulations designed to ensure the smooth and secure conduct of commercial transactions between merchants, in accordance with the provisions of the Turkish Commercial Code (“TCC”) and the Turkish Code of Obligations (“TCO”). In this context, certain burdens and statutes of limitations have been established to ensure that the buyer can exercise their rights in the event the goods sold are defective and to prevent such rights from prolonging uncertainty in ongoing legal relationships.

Radical steps have long been taken in the Turkish commercial landscape to increase transparency, reduce bureaucratic hurdles, and integrate digital transformation with corporate governance principles. The Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102 (TCC) historically regulated the maintenance, notary certification, and retention of corporate books within a traditional, physical framework.

In Türkiye, obtaining a Business Opening and Operating License constitutes the primary prerequisite and foundational milestone for any commercial, industrial, or professional undertaking. The legal basis of this regulatory regime is grounded in Law No. 3572 on the Adoption of the Decree Law on Workplace Opening and Operating Licenses, Municipality Law No. 5393, Metropolitan Municipality Law No. 5216, and the secondary Regulation on Business Opening and Operating Licenses.

Job security is one of the most important areas of labor law; and it aims to prevent the arbitrary termination of an employment contract by the employer. Regulations regarding job security limit the employer’s right to terminate and grant the employee the right to request reinstatement in the event of termination based on an invalid reason.

Article 299 and the following articles of the Turkish Code of Obligations numbered 6098 ("TCO") contains provisions regarding lease law.

Within the scope of the 11th Development Plan and 2021 Economic Reforms Package and the Paris Climate Agreement, the Capital Markets Board issued the Green Debt Instrument...

The Personal Data Protection Board ("Board") published the document titled "Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools in Workplaces" ("Document") on its official website on 5 March 2026.

Pursuant to the Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102 (“TCC”), the general assembly is the most fundamental establishment through which shareholders of a joint stock company participate in the management and audit of the company. The ability of the general assembly to convene in accordance with the law and the articles of association, and to validly express its will, is directly related to the duly calling of shareholders to the meeting.

The expansion of activities carried out within the scope of a commercial enterprise may make it difficult to conduct business from a single headquarters. In such cases, the merchant may prefer to conduct its business locally rather than through the headquarters. The method generally adopted in this respect is the opening of a branch affiliated with the headquarters of the commercial enterprise under the TCC.

An employee’s right to salary is one of the most strongly protected areas under Turkish labor law. The full and timely payment of salary is a consequence of both the constitutionally guaranteed right to work and a fundamental element of the employment contract.

The fight against climate change has, in recent years, become a central issue not only in environmental policies but also in economic and legal regulations. One of the most important instruments of this transformation is carbon pricing mechanisms.

The Turkish Personal Data Protection Board (“Board”) has clarified a key issue in data protection practices through its Principle Decision dated 18 February 2026 and numbered 2026/347.