Under Turkish law, the establishment of joint stock companies is regulated between article 335-356 of TCC.

With globalization, the sphere of influence of large capital organizations has expanded, and this expansion has brought with it the need for comprehensive legal regulation for these organizations.

The speed and transactional certainty required by commercial life impose a higher standard of diligence on merchants in sales relationships compared to ordinary contractual relationships. One of these obligations concerns the buyer’s duty to inspect the goods within the prescribed period and to notify the seller of any defects identified.

Following the ratification of the Paris Agreement by the Grand National Assembly of Türkiye in 2021 and the subsequent announcement of the country's net-zero emissions target for 2053, the legislative groundwork for a national climate framework began in 2022.

Generative artificial intelligence (“GAI”) systems have found widespread use in recent years at both the individual and organizational levels due to their ability to generate content in various formats, such as text, images, audio, and software code. Since the operation of these systems is largely data-driven, it is inevitable that they will come into contact with information constituting personal data during both the training and operational phases.

The scope of the concept of intellectual and artistic work is defined as "all kinds of intellectual and artistic works that bear the characteristics of their author and are considered as works of...

Within the scope of the European Green Deal, which constitutes one of the key elements of the European Union’s (“EU”) policies to combat climate change, the EU aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and achieve a climate-neutral economy by 2050.

In this process, Turkish energy legislation has not been limited to regulations that merely incentivize renewable energy investments; it has developed comprehensive regulations in many areas, such as the licensing of production activities, grid connection, land-use permits, environmental obligations, support mechanisms, and integration into the electricity market.

Inheritance fraud (muris muvazaası) is one of the most common inheritance-related disputes in Turkish legal practice. It typically arises when a deceased person (the decedent) transfers real property to one heir by disguising what is, in reality, a gratuitous transfer (gift) as a sale or a contract of maintenance until death, with the intention of depriving the remaining heirs of their inheritance rights. Although such transactions appear legally valid on their face, they do not reflect the parties' true intentions and are therefore evaluated under the legal principles governing sham transactions (muvazaa).

Under Turkish Commercial Code numbered 6102, limited liability companies are capital companies and the management and representation of the limited liability companies are carried out by the board of managers.

The concept of “employer’s representative” is quite significant in Turkish labor law. Particularly for individuals in managerial positions within companies, there are frequent discussions regarding the circumstances under which actions are taken on behalf of the employer and the legal consequences thereof.

The Natural Gas Market License Regulation (the “Regulation”) regulates the licensing system in detail and treats a license as an authorization granted by the Energy Market Regulatory Board (the “Board”) to legal entities for the purpose of carrying out market activities. In this respect, a license is not merely an authorization document obtained at the commencement stage of activities; it is also a regulatory instrument that ensures that the license holder’s scope of activity, shareholding structure, trade name, facility information and other license elements remain up to date.

The usufruct right is a right of easement that grants the broadest utilisation authorisation among the limited real rights

With the advancement of technology, security camera systems have become an integral part of daily life. Today, not only shopping malls, banks, or public institutions, but also apartments, residential complexes, offices, factories, hotels, and small businesses utilize camera systems for security purposes.

Lease agreements are a type of contract in which the mutual obligations of the parties are significantly regulated by law. However, particularly in residential and commercial property leases, it is observed in practice that the parties enter into various contractual arrangements that go beyond the obligations provided for in the Turkish Code of Obligations (“TBK”).

The main obligation of the contractor in the contract of work is to create the work and deliver it to the owner. In order to be able to deliver the work on time, the work for the creation of the work must be started on time and this work must continue

Since share certificates are movables, whether registered or bearer, usufruct rights may be established on them. The fact that a share is attached to a deed does not change the fact that the subject of the usufruct...

The Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources defines wind turbines as the primary structural element of wind power plants, describing them as machines that convert the kinetic energy of wind into mechanical and subsequently electrical energy.

In Civil Procedure Law, amendment can be defined as a legal remedy that allows a party to completely or partially correct procedural actions (within the scope of the prohibition on expanding claims and defenses) without the consent of the opposing party or the approval of the judge.

As digital communication tools have become a fundamental part of professional life, striking a balance between monitoring of corporate email accounts, computers, and other communication tools assigned to employees by the employers and the protection of employees’ rights to privacy in their personal lives and freedom of communication has become a critical issue.