Companies may partially or entirely cease their operations due to economic conditions, restructuring, changes in intra-group organisation, the relocation of production to another country or facility, or withdrawal from a particular market. However, a company's cessation of its actual operations at a workplace does not automatically extinguish its legal personality or terminate the agreements to which it is a party.

The rights of shareholders in joint stock companies are regulated under the Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102 ("Law") in detail.

Administrative jurisdiction is the area where individuals have the opportunity to have judicial review against the proceedings and actions of the administration.

The correct determination of which branch of the judiciary has jurisdiction over a dispute is important not only for identifying the judicial authority that will examine the merits of the case, but also for the effective exercise of the right to seek redress, the protection of time limits for bringing proceedings, and the observance of procedural rights acquired by the parties. This is because the division of jurisdiction between the ordinary and administrative courts relates to public order and may be taken into account ex officio by the courts at every stage of the proceedings

In Turkish Law, company types are a concept created according to the needs of commercial life.

Shopping on the internet has become an inevitable part of life.

Venture Capital Investment Partnerships ("VCIP") are regulated under the Communiqué on Principles of Venture Capital Investment Partnerships ("VCIP Communiqué").

In Turkish law, the concept of joint ownership manifests itself in the forms of shared ownership and undivided co-ownership. In shared ownership, multiple persons own the entirety of a thing that is not physically divided, each holding a specific share, whereas in undivided co-ownership, the co-owners do not have defined shares and jointly own the property.

The division process is regulated under Articles 159 to 179 of the Turkish Commercial Code ("TCC"), and no direct definition of division is provided in the law.

In the global fight against climate change, the decarbonization of the transportation sector is of vital importance. In line with the goals of reducing dependence on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions, the automotive industry worldwide is undergoing a profound structural transformation. Following Turkey’s ratification of the Paris Agreement and its subsequent declaration of the "2053 Net Zero Emission" target, the transition from internal combustion engine vehicles to electric vehicles has become a national policy.

COP decisions may not constitute legally binding international treaties in the classical sense; however, they create significant normative impact as "soft law" instruments within international environmental law.

On April 6, 2024, the Decree Amending the Decree numbered 8313 on the Determination of Companies Subject to Independent Audit ("Decree") ("Amending Decree") was published in the Official Gazette dated April 6, 2024 and numbered 32512.

In its decision dated 6 November 2025 and numbered E.2023/174, K.2025/224, published in the Official Gazette on 17 February 2026, the Constitutional Court ("CC") ruled by majority vote that the on-site inspection authority set out under Article 15 of Law No. 4054 on the Protection of Competition ("Law No. 4054") is not unconstitutional.

General terms and conditions, which developed earlier in other legal systems compared to our country, constitute a type of legal regulation aimed at protecting the weaker party of a contract in terms of interpreting long, complex, and pre-formulated contract texts imposed upon them by the stronger party. The first legal regulation of this approach, which was relatively late to be incorporated into Turkish law, was included in Article 6 titled “Unfair Terms in Contracts,” added on March 6, 2003, to the repealed Consumer Protection Law No. 4077 by Law No. 4822.

Under Turkish Commercial Code numbered 6102 ("TCC"), the principle of transferability of shares in joint stock companies is essential.

One of the economic purposes of joint stock companies is to generate profits through their business activities and to distribute such profits among their shareholders in accordance with the rules stipulated by law and the articles of association.

As digitalization gains momentum, companies are processing more and more personal data about their employees, customers, suppliers, and business partners every day. This situation has made it imperative to establish a comprehensive compliance mechanism to ensure that personal data is processed in a lawful, secure, and transparent manner.

The energy sector is among the sectors where the uninterrupted continuation of production, transmission, and distribution activities is essential. Since operations must continue around the clock at many workplaces, such as power plants, natural gas facilities, refineries, and energy distribution centers, shift work systems are widely implemented. In particular, the need to ensure uninterrupted energy production and the regular delivery of that energy to consumers have made the shift work system one of the sector’s fundamental operating models.

In capital companies, the general meeting is the most important body where the will of the company is formed. Particularly in joint-stock companies, these meetings—where shareholders exercise their rights, the management body is supervised, and the company’s fundamental decisions are made—are subject to strict procedural and formal requirements. In this context, the presence of a representative of the Ministry of Trade (hereinafter “Ministry representative”) is required at certain general meetings

In order to prevent tax evasion, combat money laundering and enhance financial transparency, the identification of ultimate beneficial owners and the reporting of their information to the relevant authorities have become increasingly important. Against this background, the Ministry of Treasury and Finance issued General Communiqué No. 529 on the Tax Procedure Law (the "Communiqué"), which was published in the Official Gazette on 13 July 2021 and entered into force on the same date.