The Council of Ministers has approved significant tax relief measures for private universities, colleges, and institutes in Iraq, offering exemptions from penalties and additional charges on income tax and withholding tax obligations. These exemptions range from 50% to 100% depending on how quickly institutions settle their principal tax liabilities and complete mandatory tax reconciliation procedures within specified timeframes.

As part of ongoing efforts to modernize Iraq’s healthcare infrastructure and enhance social protection, the government has recently implemented a new health insurance system for employees covered under the Social Security Department.

The UAE's FMCG sector faces mounting pressure as regional disruptions reshape supply chains, distribution networks, and pricing structures. While operations continue, businesses must navigate complex contractual...

Iraq’s Financial System is under review following the recent extraordinary session convened by the Central Bank of Iraq (CBI) reflects a familiar feature of financial systems operating in periods of regional uncertainty: regulatory institutions move early to assess stability and preserve confidence.

Foreign nationals face strict restrictions on owning real estate in Iraq, with ownership generally prohibited except under specific investment-related exceptions. This legal guide examines the constitutional framework, historical evolution of property laws, and the practical mechanisms through which international investors may acquire property rights for approved projects while navigating inheritance complexities and registration limitations.

Recent developments across the MENA region have fundamentally altered the operating environment for foreign direct investment, particularly in Iraq and the UAE. While significant opportunities remain in energy, infrastructure, and logistics, investors now face greater variability in how projects are structured, executed, and enforced.

The insurance sector in Iraq faces heightened complexity as regional developments intensify claims frequency across energy, logistics, and infrastructure. This analysis examines how policy terms are interpreted when losses arise from evolving market conditions, the extent to which increased claims fall within existing coverage frameworks, and how risk is transferred between local insurers and international reinsurers in an environment where operational disruption overlaps with insured risk.

The UAE insurance market operates within a relatively stable and structured legal framework. However, external developments affecting energy, logistics, and regional supply chains are increasingly influencing the nature, timing, and complexity of claims.

Iraq's FMCG sector faces mounting pressure from supply chain disruptions, currency fluctuations, and regulatory complexity. As import-dependent distribution networks strain under delayed deliveries and rising costs, contractual frameworks designed for stable conditions now confront questions of performance, pricing adjustment, and risk allocation. How do legal obligations operate when supply continues but under materially altered circumstances?

Islamic banks in Iraq operate under a comprehensive legal framework established by Islamic Banking Law No. 43 of 2015, requiring Central Bank licensing, minimum capital of IQD 250 billion, and mandatory Sharia Supervisory Board oversight. The regulatory environment incorporates AAOIFI and IFSB standards while prohibiting interest-based transactions and requiring strict compliance with Islamic Sharia principles across all banking operations and financial products.

Iraq's social security system is undergoing significant modernization through the introduction of a Digital Social Security Platform in 2025. How does this new electronic system transform employer obligations, employee registration procedures, and compliance requirements under Labour Law No. 37 of 2015? What are the practical implications for companies operating in Iraq, particularly regarding foreign workforce management and mandatory contribution payments?