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The Kingdom of Bahrain has enacted substantial amendments to its Commercial Law in 2025, reinforcing protections around cheques, banking practices, and consumer rights.

The Kingdom of Bahrain has taken significant strides in modernising its real estate sector in 2025, introducing both a comprehensive legal framework...

For the last four years, Egypt has made significant and multifaceted efforts to grow its economy by both attracting foreign investments for a wide range of economic activities as well as developing...

In a significant move to modernize its digital economy, Iraq has issued E-Commerce Regulation No. 4 of 2025, effective from April 2025 (the "Regulation"). This Regulation, introduced under Cabinet...

Foreign entities are taxed on income earned while conducting business in Kuwait . Kuwait ’s longstanding tax regulations placed a heavy tax burden on foreign investors’ business activities in Kuwait and caused confusion as to the types of income that can be subject to tax.

On 25th July 2017, the Royal Decree No. 33 of 2017 promulgating the Law of Trademarks for the GCC States ("GCC Trademarks Law") was issued in Oman, and it came directly into effect after its publication.

The combination of two scientific backgrounds by the same person can lead to significant specialised understanding and amazing results.

It is an established principle that a court of substance has the discretionary power to interpret the clauses of an agreement, provided that such interpretation considers the agreement as a whole in understanding the parties intent.

The recent surge of new merger control regimes in the Middle East is noteworthy in its ripple effect. 2019 is the year it all started, with Saudi Arabia leading...

Establishing a hospital in the MENA region or investing into an existing medical facility is of significant interest for investors globally.

Capital Market Authority introduces a comprehensive framework ensuring that netting agreements and related collateral arrangements remain enforceable, even during bankruptcy...

Insolvency trustees play a pivotal role in managing and supervising insolvency procedures under the Saudi Bankruptcy Law.

The concept of "exceptional circumstances" (or "unforeseen circumstances") is an important concept in civil law jurisdictions, providing a legal mechanism for parties to seek relief when extraordinary, unforeseeable events...

The technology revolution continues to rapidly gather pace on a global scale. Terms such as "FinTech", "blockchain" and "cryptocurrencies" are becoming every day terms.

The United Arab Emirates has an active history in relation to free zones, mostly concentrated in and around the Emirate of Dubai.

There is a common misconception that the UAE Courts will only apply UAE law when determining disputes between parties, notwithstanding an agreement to apply foreign law.

E-commerce poses many challenges to legal practitioners and companies alike around the world, and the introduction of Value Added Tax ("VAT") in the United Arab Emirates ...

As the VAT drive in the GCC gathers momentum, this article focuses on the potential VAT issues for the education sector.