The doctrine of sovereign immunity can be traced back to early international law theories. Traditionally, sovereign immunity was considered absolute, meaning that states could not be sued under any circumstances.

Arbitration offers parties a flexible, efficient and confidential alternative to traditional litigation for resolving disputes. However, under certain circumstances...

The taxation of damages in international arbitration awards should be a significant consideration for any party embroiled in an arbitrable dispute.

Colombia has adopted one of the most ambitious arbitration reforms in recent years. Law 2540/2025 introduces arbitration for enforcement proceedings...

In February 2024, the Netherlands Arbitration Institute ("NAI") published its 2024 NAI Arbitration Rules, which superseded the previously applicable 2015 NAI Arbitration Rules, effective 1 March 2024.

The UAE's arbitration landscape continues to mature, and recent Court of Cassation decisions from 2024 and 2025 show that the onshore courts are actively supporting that trajectory. Three themes stand out.

Since taking office for the second time, President Trump has unleashed a torrent of executive orders aimed at reshaping America's legal and political landscape — from immigration and climate change to trade, civil rights...

On 12 February 2024, the Israeli Knesset adopted the long-awaited 2024 International Commercial Arbitration Law (the "New Arbitration Law"). Before the reform, arbitration in Israel was governed...

A Letter of Intent ("LOI") is a preliminary document that outlines the main terms and conditions of a proposed business deal between parties. It constitutes one of the most significant pre-contractual...

Established under the ICSID Convention, ICSID operates independently of local legal systems, providing an autonomous legal framework for dispute resolution.

Provisional measures are a temporary remedy granted by courts and tribunals in exceptional circumstances. Provisional measures aim to preserve the respective rights of the parties...

Sanctions are economic and political measures used to restrict the actions of states, groups, or individuals, imposed either unilaterally or collectively.

The global energy sector is changing significantly as liquefied natural gas (LNG) becomes increasingly important in meeting growing energy demands and addressing environmental concerns.

International arbitration in Portugal is governed by the Voluntary Arbitration Act (Law No. 63/2011 of 14 December 2011), which entered into force on 14 March 2012 (the "Arbitration Act").

A USD 2.1 billion NAFTA investment arbitration claim against Mexico was dismissed after the tribunal found insufficient evidence linking State conduct to the project's failure. The case demonstrates how commercially significant disputes fail as treaty claims when investors cannot prove causation between alleged breaches and recoverable losses.

In February 2024, the International Bar Association (the "IBA") released the most recent version of the IBA Guidelines on Conflicts of Interest in International Arbitration (the "2024 IBA Guidelines").

The Hong Kong International Arbitration Center (HKIAC) has launched an updated set of Administered Arbitration Rules (the "HKIAC Updated Rules"), effective as of 1 June 2024.

In September 2023, Federal Law No. 15 of 2023 entered into force (the "2023 Arbitration Law") in the United Arab Emirates ("UAE"), introducing certain amendments to key provisions of Federal Law No.

Asymmetrical arbitration clauses are those which afford more rights to one party than to another.

The French Court of Cassation has established a critical limitation on enforcing arbitral awards against State-linked entities when EU financial stability objectives are at stake. In a landmark ruling involving Greece's asset management vehicle HCAP, the Court held that while creditors may generally pursue assets of State emanations, this doctrine must yield when enforcement would undermine EU-mandated restructuring and stabilization programs. This decision fundamentally reshapes enforcement strategy for ar