61 results found

This article examines Turkish debt collection from the perspective of foreign creditors. It considers the choice of recovery route, payment orders, objections, litigation, negotiable instruments, provisional attachment, execution, insolvency and the treatment of foreign documents. The judicial authorities discussed in the text are considered alongside the statutory conditions of the particular procedure.

This article examines the recognition and enforcement of foreign court judgments in Turkey. It considers finality, reciprocity, jurisdiction, public policy, service, documentary requirements, security and the relationship between enforcement permission and actual collection. The discussion distinguishes foreign judgments from arbitral awards and from decisions eligible for a separate administrative registration route.

This article examines the permit and compliance framework for short-term tourism rentals of residential property in Turkey. It considers the scope of the rental regime, the eligible permit holder, apartment-owner consent, property standards, management arrangements, guest registration, sanctions and changes of ownership.

The practical conclusion is straightforward: an international form is only the starting point. Effective risk allocation requires a Turkish law review of the contract documents, authority chain, notice machinery, security package, dispute clause and project records.

This article examines succession involving foreign nationals and assets in Turkey. It considers the applicable law, statutory and reserved shares, foreign wills, inheritance certificates, real estate restrictions, estate debts, disputes and tax formalities.

Turkish inheritance law, reserved shares, foreign heirs, cross-border estate, Turkish real estate, certificate of inheritance, inheritance tax, renunciation, foreign will

Turkey protects trademarks, patents, utility models, designs and geographical indications principally under Industrial Property Law No. 6769. Copyright remains subject to the Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works No. 5846.

This article considers the legal due diligence required for a foreign investment in Türkiye, from the choice of corporate structure to ongoing operations and exit. It examines foreign ownership, capital requirements, corporate documentation, incentives, property acquisition, employment authorisation, investment reporting and dispute resolution. The statutory framework and the judicial authorities discussed in the manuscript are considered alongside the practical allocation of responsibilities between advisers.

This article examines the setting aside of arbitral awards seated in Türkiye, with particular attention to the distinction between domestic and international arbitration. It considers arbitrability, time limits, the effect of filing, statutory grounds, public policy, waiver and the judicial authorities discussed in the manuscript. The analysis distinguishes annulment from an ordinary merits appeal and from the enforcement of a foreign award.

A bank letter of guarantee is a central risk-allocation instrument in Turkish construction, infrastructure, public procurement, supply, energy and financing transactions. Its value lies in the issuing bank's independent promise to pay according to the terms of the instrument. That independence is commercially powerful, but it is not a licence to ignore the words of the guarantee, its expiry, the required form of demand or the narrow controls of good faith.

Termination risk under Turkish law cannot be reduced to payment of notice indemnity. The legal route depends on the contract, the employee's job-security status, the asserted reason and the procedure followed before notice is delivered. This article distinguishes ordinary termination, termination for a valid reason and immediate termination for just cause; explains the six-working-day rule in Article 26; and sets out the financial and procedural consequences of an invalid dismissal.

This article examines the establishment and continuing management of a foreign business presence in Türkiye. It compares subsidiaries, branches and liaison offices, and considers capital, corporate documentation, governance, representative authority, investment reporting, work authorisation and data protection. Judicial decisions concerning corporate organisation and management duties are considered in their relevant context. The analysis argues that the choice of vehicle should follow the proposed activity, ownership arrangements and expected life of the investment. Effective legal preparation connects incorporation with the company's subsequent compliance, financing, decision-making and exit arrangements rather than treating registration as the final objective.

This article explains how a foreign arbitral award is recognised and enforced in Türkiye, with particular attention to the 1958 New York Convention, Türkiye's reciprocity and commercial reservations, the alternative regime in Articles 60 to 63 of the Code on Private International Law and International Civil Procedure No. 5718, and the distinction between enforcement and a forbidden review of the merits. It addresses the competent court, Article IV filing documents, Article V defences, public order, arbitrability, appeal, interim protection and execution against assets.

This article examines the relationship between acquiring residential property in Türkiye and applying for residence permission on that basis. It considers the legal category, the characteristics and intended use of the property, supporting documents, valuation and administrative requirements, family circumstances, renewals and adverse decisions. The discussion distinguishes the validity of a purchase from the eligibility of the subsequent residence application. The analysis therefore places immigration review within pre-acquisition due diligence.

An arbitration clause is often one of the last provisions negotiated in an international contract. Commercial points have been agreed, the transaction is ready to close, and the dispute-resolution clause is treated as something that can be taken from an earlier agreement.

This article explains the principal routes for collecting monetary claims in Türkiye under the Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law No. 2004. It distinguishes ordinary enforcement without a judgment from judgment-based enforcement, the special procedure for negotiable instruments and bankruptcy proceedings. It examines payment orders, debtor objections, actions to annul an objection, summary removal of an objection, mandatory mediation, precautionary attachment, asset investigation, attachment and sale.

This article examines litigation, arbitration and mediation as distinct but connected methods of resolving cross-border disputes involving Türkiye. It considers jurisdiction, service, security for foreign claimants, arbitral consent, institutional procedures, mandatory mediation and the enforcement of outcomes. The statutory and treaty framework is read alongside the judicial authorities cited in the manuscript.

A Turkish acquisition is not only a negotiation about price. The legal form of the target, the selected transaction perimeter, historic liabilities, regulatory approvals, employee rights and the mechanics of transferring title all affect whether the buyer receives the business it expected.