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The OFT’s decision follows a judgment of the EU General Court of 6 July 2010 in which the Court found that Ryanair’s minority shareholding in Aer Lingus did not give rise to a situation of "control" for the purposes of EU merger control law and that the European Commission consequently did not have the power to require Ryanair to divest its minority shareholding (see, VBB on Competition Law, Volume 2010, No. 7).

The Digital Markets Act is a ground-breaking piece of EU regulation, imposing rules on platforms acting as "gatekeepers" in the digital sector, and aiming to ensure fairness and contestability in digital markets.

The Belgian Council of State has issued a landmark ruling on the Foreign Subsidies Regulation (FSR), clarifying the obligations of both contracting authorities and bidders in public procurement procedures exceeding €250 million. This decision arose from a dispute over Brussels' casino concession and establishes that FSR compliance is mandatory regardless of whether procurement documents explicitly mention it, with non-compliance rendering award decisions unlawful.

Many foreign companies operating in the European Union (the "EU") are unaware that their traditional business practices may violate EU and Member State laws regarding personal data protection. The EU Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC (the "Directive") regulates the collection, use, and transfer of individually identifiable personal information about employees, such as name, address, telephone number, and marital status, as well as information such as salary, bonuses, terms of an employment cont

On February 25, 2025, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), sitting in the Grand Chamber, rendered a preliminary ruling in which it answered several questions...

On July 12, 2023, the European Union's (EU) new landmark Foreign Subsidies Regulation (FSR) started to apply. It empowers the European Commission (Commission) to review and remedy...

Article IV.1 of the Code of Economic Law (“CEL”) is the Belgian counterpart to Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (“TFEU”).

This update (No. 122 | 31 August 2025) covers key policy and regulatory developments related to EU geopolitical risks, including in particular, economic security, Russia's war against Ukraine, health threats, and cyber threats. It does not purport to provide an exhaustive overview of developments.