The Polish civil procedure applies the principle of two-instance
examination of cases. This means that a person who has lost a case
may file an appeal against a judgment of the court of first
instance. Defects indicated in the appeal will be examined by the
court of second instance.
A cassation appeal, on the other hand, is an appeal against
decisions of the courts of second instance and is brought before
the Supreme Court. However, a cassation appeal may apply only to
certain types of civil cases. In addition, the applicant must
convince the Supreme Court that the cassation appeal in question
should be accepted for examination, which is the case especially if
the examination of the appeal is important for the development of
Polish law or precedent-setting for the resolution of other similar
cases.
