The plastic caps and lids used for beverage containers are among
the single-use plastic items most commonly found on beaches in the
European Union. The increasing use of plastics for only short-term
purposes, without the possibility of reusing or recycling them in a
cost-effective way, makes their production and usage models
inefficient and linear. This is so especially in the light of
Directive (EU) 2019/904 of the European Parliament and of the
Council, issued on 5 June 2019, which aims to reduce the
environmental impact of certain plastic products by reducing waste
and preventing it from entering the environment, and in particular
the marine environment.
The European strategy for plastics aims to establish a circular
economy in which the design and manufacture of plastics and plastic
products takes into account the needs for reuse, repair and
recycling and promotes more sustainable materials. The EU Directive
is implemented by the Polish Act on the obligations
