Comparison Between Companies Act 1956 And The Revised Act 2013

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA") has introduced various changes in the MCA21 portal over the years since 2006, in order to improve the compliance by companies and Limited Liability Partnerships...

For many companies, particularly closely held and unlisted companies, private placement is a practical way of raising funds without going through the extensive process involved in a public issue. It allows a company to approach a limited set of identified investors and raise capital on mutually agreed terms.

Chanakya, the ancient Indian strategist and author of the Arthashastra, taught that an opponent is overcome through four means: sama (persuasion), dana (inducement), bheda (division) and danda (force). The contest for Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD) is a modern illustration of all four. Netflix made the first offer and signed a merger agreement with WBD, yet Paramount played each of its cards with care.

Compulsorily Convertible Preference Shares (CCPS) remain one of the most widely used instruments for venture capital and private equity investments in Indian companies. Their appeal lies in the ability to combine equity classification with negotiated economic and governance protections. But CCPS are not governed by a single, standalone statutory framework. Their legal treatment is instead shaped by the Companies Act, FEMA and foreign investment rules, tax law, and, where applicable, SEBI regulations.

A whistle-blower, whether an individual or a collective entity, is generally an insider who possesses first-hand knowledge of fraud, corruption, misconduct, malpractice, or other unlawful or unethical practices occurring within an organization.

Learn the legal framework, procedure, compliance requirements and practical steps for issuing debentures under the Companies Act, 2013 in India.

The Supreme Court while confirming the findings of the SAT has further asked SEBI to probe into the matter and find out the actual investor base who have subscribed to the Optionally Fully Convertible Debentures (OFCDs) issued by the two group companies SIRECL and SHICL.

Starting a company in India involves several legal procedures and regulatory approvals. One of the most important aspects of incorporation is preparing accurate Company Registration Documents.

A slump sale begins with identifying the business that is to be transferred and the assets, rights and obligations that form part of it. The bargain is rarely 'take all or leave all'. The purchaser may want the operating business, but may not want an old tax dispute, an irrecoverable receivable, obsolete equipment, excess land or legacy financing. This choice is commercially ordinary, but it can make slump sale classification more difficult.

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Summary suits under Order XXXVII of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908.

This update, effective April 1, 2025, reflects all guidelines issued up to March 31, 2025, concerning eligible and ineligible government transactions for commission.

This circular outline key guidelines for pension payments, including timely crediting of pensions, implementation of government directives on Dearness Relief (DR), and handling of excess payments.

The Board of Directors should pass a resolution for borrowing and to mortgage the property.

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has issued a new Master Direction (RBI/2025-26/134), effective April 1, 2025, titled "Reserve Bank of India (Interest Rate on Deposits) Directions, 2025."

The new Act has 29 chapters, 470 sections and 7 Schedules.

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) vide its Press Release dated April 04, 2025, has released revised draft Regulations and Directions under the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA), 1999, concerning the export and import of goods and services.

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) vide its Notification No. RBI/DOR/2024-25/135 – DOR.STR.REC.72/21.04.048/2024-25 dated March 29, 2025, has revised the prudential treatment of government-guaranteed Security Receipts (SRs) under the Master Direction on Transfer of Loan Exposures (MD-TLE), 2021.

Indian Legal system encompasses varied legal provisions for recovery of debts by the Banks and Financial Institutions as follows :-

The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) vide its Circular No. SEBI/HO/DDHS/DDHS-PoD-2/P/CIR/2025/44 dated March 28, 2025, has amended the lock in requirements for preferential issues of Infrastructure Investment Trusts (InvITs).