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ARTICLE · 21 JANUARY 2020

USMCA – Key Revisions And USMCA Implementation

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The Protocol of Amendment to the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement is progressing toward ratification, with the implementation bill ("USMCA Implementation Act") having been sent to President Trump for his signature.

United StatesInternational Law

The Protocol of Amendment to the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement ("USMCA") is progressing toward ratification, with the implementation bill ("USMCA Implementation Act") having been sent to President Trump for his signature.

On December 10, 2019, Mexico, Canada and the United States signed the USMCA,1 modifying key elements of the original texts signed on November 30, 2018. The USMCA, when entered into force, will replace the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement ("NAFTA").

On December 12, 2019, Mexico's Senate passed the revised treaty by a vote of 107–1. In the United States, the USMCA Implementation Act was passed in the US House of Representatives by a 385-41 vote on December 19, 2019 and by the US Senate without modification by a vote of 89-10 on January 16, 2020, and then sent to President Trump.2 However, the USMCA will not take effect until both Canada approves it when its House of Commons reconvenes on January 27, 2020, and then the

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