It is common knowledge that when we access the internet, our
computers, as part of their basic system functionality, make copies
of the webpages we access. As soon as we type in a web address, the
internet routers and proxy servers create copies of the webpage we
want to look at, and then our computers download a copy for us to
look at on our monitors, and our computers cache another copy on
their hard drives. In short, copies occur at several stages in the
most ordinary and everyday uses of our computers. This raises an
uncomfortable copyright issue: because even looking at a webpage
involves making copies, and the right of reproduction is a
fundamental part of an author's copyright, do we need a license
to look at materials online? Common sense tells us that if an
author, artist, photographer or filmmaker posts a copyrighted work
on a website, the whole point of posting it where people can access
it and look at it is to allow people to do just that, so an
