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ARTICLE · 28 OCTOBER 2025

Market Intelligence Thought Leadership Award Winner

TMT AI Series | Part 2 | The Issue With Outputs: Who Really Owns What The Tool Creates?

Artificial intelligence has already proven its ability to generate value at speed, producing everything from software code and product prototypes to business strategies and creative designs.

South AfricaTechnology

Artificial intelligence has already proven its ability to generate value at speed, producing everything from software code and product prototypes to business strategies and creative designs. But as the tools mature and their adoption accelerates, the question is surfacing: who owns the outputs? Unlike the input problem, which deals with what goes into the AI tool (see our previous article in this regards, AI Input), the output challenge is about what comes out of the tool and here, the lines are even more blurred than with inputs.

Consider a business that deploys a generative AI tool to design a new product prototype. That output could hold significant commercial value, but unless agreements are clear, it is not obvious who has the right to commercialise it. Is responsibility attributed to the end user that used the AI tool, the developer who created it, the licensor who provided it or another party who provided data or intellectual property in relation to

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