Supreme Court has determined the jurisdiction of its departments with the 2015/8 numbered and 19th of January dated decision, which has been announced on the Official Gazette dated 22th of January 2015.

The Law numbered 6545 has changed the current two-staged trial procedure to a three staged trial procedure.

The main aim by filing this case is ending the joint ownership between the owners of a real estate by a court decision. The pre-condition of the case is the real estate to be registered in the land registry.

In this memorandum, we will briefly explain the right of such squeeze-out and the way to exercise such right.

Article 35 of the Law on Collection of Public Receivables numbered 6183 (the "CPR Law") regulates the responsibility of company representatives regarding the public receivables.

Amendments to the Anti-Smuggling Law Grand National Assembly of Turkey has approved a Lawwhich makes amendments on Turkish Criminal Code and Other Certain Laws.

The Regulation on Notifications in the Energy Market ("Regulation") was published in the Official Gazette on 27.05.2014 and numbered 29012 and enters into force six months following its date of publication.

The patent and the utility model are regulated in the Decree No. 551 dated 1995 Concerning to the Protection of Patent Rights ("PDL").

Usufruct rights are defined as rights of an individual to use and enjoy the property of another, provided its substance is neither impaired nor altered.

Decree Law No. 556 dated 1995 Concerning to the Protection of Trademarks ("TDL") allows pledging the trademark and refers to the Turkish Civil Code ("TCC") for detailed regulations.

Research and Development ("R&D") is a general term for an activities related to the enterprise of corporate or governmental innovation.

The right of ownership is the widest right on a real estate and it entitles its holder usage, utilization and disposal rights.

The Banking Regulation and Supervision Authority of Turkey published the Regulation on the Principles and Procedures to Apply to Factoring Transactions in the Official Gazette on February 4, 2015.

Under Turkish bankruptcy procedures, the creditor makes an application to the execution office and the execution office sends a payment order to the debtor.

The main legislation related to the expropriation is the Law on Expropriation numbered 2942 and dated 04.11.1983.

Turkish Commercial Code numbered 6102 introduces significant provisions regarding good management and internal and independent audit that are to be applied to capital stock companies.

Bilindiği üzere 1 Ocak 2013 tarihinden itibaren yapı ruhsatı alınan projeler için KDV oranlarında düzenleme yapılmış ve eskiden sadece konut m2 büyüklüklerine göre belirlenen KDV oranları arsa birim değerleri üzerinden hesaplanmaya başlamıştı.

The Interim Relief is regulated under the Turkish Procedural Law numbered 6100 ("TPL").

The Regulation About Installment Sales entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette on 14th January 2015.

Ensuring the debt security is one of the main fundamentals under the modern-day economical transactions.