Your search for ‘Ascertainment’ returned 264 results

The recent case of Chartbrook and Another v Persimmon Homes Ltd and Others [2009] saw the House of Lords reaffirming the long-established position that under English law, anything said or done in the course of negotiating a contract is inadmissible as evidence of what the contract was intended to mean.

1 The most relevant amendments of the Reform The Cartabia Reform (in force, with a few exceptions, from February 28th, 2023, and for proceedings which started on March 1st, 2023)...

A significant difference between the US class action model and how collective litigation is generally conducted in England is that US class actions are predominantly conducted on an "opt-out"...

Will opt-out class actions proposed by the UK Parliament’s Consumer Rights Bill bring the dreaded U.S.-style litigation culture to the United Kingdom?

On 22 May 2025, the European Commission ("Commission") made public risk classification of countries under the EU Deforestation Regulation ("EUDR")...

This is the last post in the four part blog series. It takes long time to shut down a company in India. The procedural aspects are long and there can be delays in these processes.

Garnishee proceedings represent a specialized statutory mechanism for enforcing monetary judgments in Nigeria, operating outside the conventional pleadings-based civil litigation framework. Governed primarily by the Sheriffs and Civil Process Act, this procedure offers judgment creditors an expedited pathway to recover debts owed to judgment debtors by third parties.

Nigeria's new Presumptive Tax Regulations establish a simplified tax framework for informal sector businesses and individuals whose income cannot be accurately determined through standard assessment methods. The regulations introduce a 1% turnover-based tax system with specific exemptions for nano businesses, while also implementing a 2% capital gains tax on asset disposals.

In a surprising decision the Court of Session in Scotland in the case of <I>Melville Dundas Limited v George Wimpey UK Limited (and another) </I>[22 October 2004] has underlined the fundamental freedom of contract, which parties to a construction contract enjoy, to agree the final date when sums due under the contract become payable.

This article was adapted from a speech given by Mr. Popofsky at the Oxford Centre for Competition Law & Policy in the UK on May 2, 2014.

In Shepherds Producers Co-operative Limited v Lamont & Ors [2009] NSWSC 294, Justice Einstein provided a comprehensive overview of the interpretation of contractual provisions with particular emphasis on releases.

A discussion on the changes and novelties brought in by Law no. 12, 766.

A summary of recent developments in insurance, reinsurance and litigation law.

The Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2019 (Code), proposing to amalgamate, simplify and rationalize 29 Labour Acts...

The recent Court of Appeal decision in AIG Europe v Faraday focused on the interpretation of loss and knowledge in Claims Co-operation Clauses (CCC). The main purpose of a CCC is to ensure that reinsurers are told about matters that may affect them as soon as possible – this decision supports that purpose.

The use of compulsory purchase powers by public bodies is so Draconian that it can be expected that the law provides that anyone whose interests are adversely affected by a compulsory purchase order (CPO) should be entitled to adequate compensation.