PR Aviation had cited Article 15 of Directive 96/9/EC, which affirms the mandatory nature of certain provisions by declaring null and void any contractual provision to the contrary.

On 12 December 2018, the EU General Court dismissed the application for annulment which Canal + SA had brought against a European Commission decision that had made commitments offered by Paramount Pictures Ltd ...

Hence, the ECJ found that the German law infringed both the InfoSoc Directive and the Enforcement Directive.

On 25 November 2014, the General Court of the European Union held that the registration of the shape of the Rubik’s cube as a Community Trade Mark is valid.

On 10 June 2015, the Council of the EU's Permanent Representatives Committee (Coreper) approved a compromise agreement on the proposed trade mark reform package...

The Commission had already accepted and made binding commitments offered by Paramount Pictures in July 2016.

The second question was whether a provision of national law can limit the application of Article 7(f) of the Data Protection Directive.

The issue was eventually brought before the German Federal Administrative Court which referred a number of questions to the ECJ.

On 15 April 2014, the French Competition Authority published a study summarising comments it received on its leniency programme.

The new legislation introduces class actions into the French legal system and more specifically into competition law matters.

On 19 November 2015, the Regional Court of Düsseldorf (the "Court") rejected a car insurer's claim for damages resulting from the European Commission's decision in the car glass cartel case.

On 25 June 2013, the German Federal Cartel Office published new fining guidelines replacing the FCO’s previously applicable guidelines.

In the present case, the patents were neither standard essential nor non-avoidable.

On 21 August 2025, the European Union and the United States published a Joint Statement (JS) "on a United States-European framework on an agreement on reciprocal...

On 3 September 2012, the Italian Administrative Tribunal for Lazio ("Tribunale Amministrativo di Lazio", the "Tribunal") annulled an earlier decision of the Italian Competition Authority ("Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato", the "Authority") which had fined pharmaceutical group Pfizer € 10.6 million for abuse of dominance in the market for medicines based on the active substance latanoprost for the treatment of glaucoma (see VBB on Competition Law, Volume 2012, No. 1, available at

In certain respects, however, transposition was not deemed necessary.

The Spanish Supreme Court ("Tribunal Supremo") has awarded damages to several confectioners which were affected by raw material price increases resulting from the activities of a cartel that took place in the sugar industry during the period 1995-1996.

On 24 May 2012, it was announced that the Competition Commission of Switzerland ("COMCO") has fined BMW around € 130 million.

The UK Supreme Court delivered its judgment on an appeal challenging a Court of Appeal decision, finding that damages actions had been brought in time.

Of immediate relevance for third countries is the APF's assault against "foreign governments' free-riding off American investment in innovation".