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An agent is defined under Article 102 of the Turkish Commercial Code (the “TCC”).

In recent weeks, the Regulation on the Import of Products with Halal Conformity Certificates and the Communiqué on the Export of Ozone Depleting Substances and Fluorinated...

Start-up, which was first introduced in Silicon Valley in the US, has started to be more and more involved in our lives with the globalizing world.

Joint ventures are never formed with the expectation of problems and failure. That kind of mentality would go against both the spirit of a joint venture and the realities of commercial life. In the early stages, the parties usually share a common, commercial goal, built on a foundation of trust. However, while joint ventures typically begin with high expectations, their long-term success depends less on optimism and but more on how well they are structured from a legal and organizational perspective.

The Movable Pledge Law introduces a number of innovations as for pledges to be perfected upon various types of moveable assets, rights of claim, and also includes a possibility to form a pledge...

Opening Branch Office in Turkey involves very careful steps under the Turkish regulatory framework. Relevant companies should benefit from a full-fledged legal guidance by Turkish business lawyers.

Ordinary partnerships are gaining popularity in Turkey over the past decade; especially due to the rapid increase in necessity of joint ventures being the best course of action for companies intending to cooperate for tenders ...

Im türkischen Recht wird der Ausgleichansprucheines Handelsvertreters gegenüber dem Unternehmer nach Beendigung des Vertragsverhältnisses als Portfolioausgleich bezeichnet

This Monthly Updates aims to provide a brief explanation on the Regulation and highlights the essential novelties introduced therein.

Guarantee contracts and surety contracts are a type of security contracts. The main purpose of security contracts is that the debtor assumes the risk of loss of the other party to the contract.

Article 209 of the Turkish Commercial Code ensures that the controlling company is held liable even when it is not a direct party to the transaction in cases involving a corporate group...

Share certificates are regulated in the seventh chapter of the fourth part of The Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102 ("TCC") about joint stock companies, titled as "Securities".

Sale agreements are the agreements in which the seller undertakes the obligation to transfer the possession and ownership of the goods to the buyer and the buyer undertakes the obligation to pay a price in return.

Turkey has introduced a mandatory central registration system for e-commerce activities.

The European Green Deal (“EGD”) is a comprehensive green transition strategy developed by the European Union (“EU”) in alignment with the objectives of the Paris Agreement, aiming to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. Covering numerous areas, including production, trade, energy, transport and agriculture, the EGD primarily aims to ensure a secure and affordable energy supply, develop an integrated, interconnected and digital energy market, and increase the share of renewable energy sources in electricity generation.

The Communiqué on the Calculation of Green Asset Ratio of Banks ("Communiqué"), published in the Official Gazette dated April 11, 2025 and numbered 32515, represents an important regulation...

In Turkish law, mediation was initially established as a voluntary alternative dispute resolution method; however, over time, it has become a mandatory step that must be exhausted before filing a lawsuit in certain types of disputes.

The Turkish Code of Obligations No. 6098 ("Code") contains provisions in favor of the lessee, and the lessor may evict the lessee from the leased premises only for the reasons enumerated in accordance with the principle.