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Developing commercial relations and the need for access to new markets drives commercial enterprises to establish branches or liaison offices in different places.

Purchase price is invariably among the most contentious points during the negotiation phase of an M&A transaction. Especially in cross-border transactions, the buyer may wish to minimise risks by opting for alternative payment methods.

In joint-stock companies, where management is in the hands of the majority shareholder

The positive arrangements relating to the general terms are regulated under the Turkish Code of Obligations No. 6098, Articles 20 - 25.

Pursuant to the Turkish Commercial Code numbered 6102 ("TCC"), joint stock companies are represented and managed by the board of directors; therefore, the board of directors is a mandatory and permanent organ of joint stock companies.

Management and representation of joint stock companies are carried out by the board of directors. Hence, the board of directors is considered as one of most important organs of joint stock companies...

In joint stock companies, the primary obligation of the shareholder is to fulfill the capital obligation.

Contracts governed by the Turkish Commercial Code are classified as commercial contracts if both parties are merchants or if the contract is related to a commercial enterprise.

The death of a company partner gives rise to significant consequences not only under inheritance law but also under company law. As the company shares held by the deceased partner pass to the heirs, various legal issues arise, such as when the heirs acquire their status as partners, whether they may attend general meetings, how they will exercise their voting and dividend rights, and whether the company may interfere with the heirs’ partnership.

An aircraft financial leasing agreement simply consists of the lessor's debt of transferring all the substantial risks and rewards of ownership concerning the aircraft to the lessee while receiving rental in exchange.

Appointment of a data privacy officer is regulated in detail under the EU General Data Protection Regulation. Mandatory DPO appointment is imposed under certain circumstances, ...

Within the framework of the amendments to the Turkish Personal Data Protection Law (the "Law"), which will come into force on 1 June 2024, the draft regulation on cross-border data...

Within the scope of Article 344, paragraph 3 of TCO No. 6098, in cases where lease agreements extend beyond five years or are renewed after a five-year period...

Contracts made without the simultaneous physical presence of the seller or supplier and the consumer by using remote communication tools within the framework...

This article explains how Turkish companies can increase capital by converting shareholder receivables, focusing on legal requirements under the Turkish Commercial Code...

Transfer of assets and transfer of a commercial enterprise are regulated under the Turkish Code of Obligations numbered 6098...

It is common that agency and distribution contracts provide a minimum order undertaking for the agent and the distributor.

Pursuant to capital markets regulations, the cumulative voting system was only accepted for public joint stock companies and the former Turkish Commercial Code No. 6762 does not contain any reference to the implementation of such closed joint stock companies.