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According to the Article 1178 of the Turkish Commercial Code ("TCC"), a maritime carrier shall exercise utmost care which is expected from a prudent carrier while performing the contract of affreightment...

Under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods ("CISG") the issue of incorporation of standard terms may come up in practice in various scenarios such as by either simply referring to their existence during the negotiations or when both parties try to insert their own standard terms into the contract.

Article 11 of the Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102 (“TCC”) defines a commercial enterprise as “an enterprise in which activities are carried out continuously and independently, aiming to generate income exceeding the limit set for tradesmen.”

The new TCC, which entered into force back in 2012, put an end to the old-style internal and external audit procedures of capital companies and introduced a whole new external audit system that exceeds certain thresholds.

Transfer of shares to a third party may cause harm to the existing shareholders and create undesired consequences for them.

A contract of carriage may be defined as an agreement that is concluded between a carrier and a shipper for the carriage of goods by sea, in which a carrier, against the payment of freight, undertakes to deliver goods from one port to another.

It is even instrumental in terms of finding the competent court for the dispute.

While formulating their loan agreements, banks ensure a third party to provide a mortgage on an immovable property of his/her own, in favor of the bank.

Stamp Duty Tax is an indirect tax that is paid for papers included in Annex 1 of the Stamp Duty Tax Law Numbered 488 ("Stamp Duty Tax Law").

With the publication of the Regulation on Sustainability Auditing, in the Official Gazette dated January 17, 2025, and numbered 32785, one more legislative effort has been added on sustainability, which have gained momentum over the past five years.

This Monthly Updates aims to provide a brief explanation on the amendments to the Law and highlight the essential novelties introduced therein.

In April 2023, the Competition Authority published the "Reflections of Digital Transformation on Competition Law" ("Guide"). The Guide aims to provide a forward-looking roadmap...

The Law on the Amendment to the Consumer Protection and Property Ownership Law ("Law") was published on the Official Gazette on 1 April 2022.

The articles under the TCO, which regulate the rent laws, are of a protective nature in favor the lessees.

This article will shed light on the importance of contract law and its application in the field of business operations.

The Communiqué on the Extension of the Deadline for Joint Stock and Limited Liability Companies to Increase Their Capital to the New Minimum Amounts (“Communiqué”), published in the Official Gazette dated 17.10.2026 and numbered 33403, extends the deadline for companies to increase their capital to the new minimum amounts under Provisional Article 15 of the Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102 (“TCC”) from 31.12.2026 to 31.12.2027.

The Communiqué was published in the Official Gazette on July 13, 2021, and entered into force the same day.

Over the past year, several Turkish laws have been amended to help improve the country's investment environment and to make it easier for investors by increasing the quality and speed of the judicial system.