The CJEU also stated that the article 56 of The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union must be interpreted as precluding national legislation which imposes a general and absolute prohibition...

In Parts 1 – 3 of our Efficient Arbitration Series, we introduced various efficiency tools. In Part 4 we will discuss one of these tools which has considerable savings potential: "document production".

The applicant married his wife in 1997. In 2004 the wife underwent fertility treatment in order to conceive a child.