On January 8, 2012, the Mikisew Cree First Nation and the Frog Lake First Nation (the First Nations), both located in Alberta, filed notices of application (the Applications) with the Federal Court seeking judicial review of the omnibus statutes Bill C-38 and Bill C-45 (collectively, the Bills), as well as the federal government’s underlying policies that led to those enactments. Bill-C-38, which was passed as the Jobs, Growth and Long-term Prosperity Act, included substantial amendments to the
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