The corporate governance code of Bahrain (the Code) aims to bring international corporate governance standards to public companies, and in particular financial institutions, incorporated under the Bahrain Commercial Companies Law (the Companies Law).

The COMESA Consumer and Competition Commission has introduced new guidelines addressing expedited merger review procedures, comfort letters, and advisory opinions. These procedural enhancements aim to improve predictability and efficiency in the COMESA merger control regime, offering businesses clearer pathways for notification requirements and review processes across member states.

The Ministry of Industry, Commerce and Tourism (the "MOICT") have been at the forefront of the introduction of Resolution No. (91) of 2022 amending (the "Amendments") the Ministerial Decree No. (19) of 2018...

The doctrine of mitigation is a pervasive contractual legal principle in jurisdictions around the world. It arises from the fact that parties...

Timeshares allow multiple individuals/parties to own and occupy a vacation property for a recurring and predetermined period of time.

The Saudi Minister of Commerce approved the new Ultimate Beneficial Ownership Rules (UBO Rules), which will come into effect on 3 April 2025.

The Ministry of Justice, Islamic Affairs and Endowments has announced the adoption of the commercial licensing database Sijilat for issuing judicial notices...

Commercial contracts where one party is obliged to supply goods or services by a specified date often contain liquidated damages clauses. These clauses set a pre-determined level of damages that a party...

Bahrain has a well-established reputation as an open, investor-friendly country where the government pays close attention to the needs of the private sector.

Contracts are essential in defining the rights and responsibilities between parties. However, there are times when a contract must be terminated, whether by mutual agreement, breach or other legal reasons.

Bahrain offers a straightforward entry point for foreign investors who are looking to establish a base in the Gulf.

To understand civil liability, we must distinguish between civil and criminal liability. A person who suffers damage or injury from another person's breach of obligation can seek financial remedies in a civil court.

In recent years, the landscape of competition enforcement in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) has witnessed increased emphasis on inter-agency cooperation.

The East African Community (EAC)—the regional economic community made up of Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Somalia, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda—start enforcing their merger control regime on 1 November 2025.

It is often presumed that interpretation of contracts investigates certainty of expression, however, through examining legislation and numerous Bahraini Court of Cassation rulings.

Our Associate, Habiba Mokhtar explains the effect of non-compete clauses in employment contracts.

CBB was one of the first regulators globally to issue a comprehensive regulatory framework governing digital assets services. CBB issued the Crypto Assets Module ("CRA Rules") under its Capital Markets Rulebook in February 2019.

Licensing agreements occupy a structurally ambiguous position in merger control, sitting between asset acquisitions and ordinary commercial contracts. This client brief examines how European Commission precedent may inform the treatment of licensing agreements under the COMESA merger control regime, given the limited guidance and decisional practice from the COMESA Competition and Consumer Commission.

The ancillary restraints doctrine, originally developed by the European Commission, validates restraints objectively necessary to implement legitimate transactions with neutral or positive competitive effects. This analysis examines how Egypt, Morocco, Jordan, and Tunisia approach ancillary restraints in economic concentrations, revealing significant jurisdictional variations in regulatory frameworks and enforcement practices across the Levant and North Africa region.