Private equity (PE) investment in Africa is changing. Fund managers are adopting facilities that are used in developing markets, such as subscription credit.

The European Commission's proposal for EU Inc. represents the first genuine attempt to develop a directly applicable body of European company law designed to strengthen global competitiveness rather than merely coordinate national systems. This ambitious initiative seeks to address Europe's structural "scale-up gap" by providing legal infrastructure that enables innovative start-ups to access capital and scale without relocating outside the Union, while maintaining universal availability across all company

This survey is a special interim report to highlight changes in the Silicon Valley venture capital environment through July 2020 in light of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The European Commission has proposed EU Inc, a harmonized corporate legal framework allowing companies to incorporate under a single European company-law form across all 27 Member States. This initiative aims to reduce legal fragmentation and transaction costs that currently discourage companies from scaling within the Single Market, addressing Europe's challenge of converting startups into unicorns at scale comparable to the United States. The proposal represents not merely a company-law simplification but