On 6 June 2023, the Peruvian government adopted a new Law N° 31775, that amends the
country's leniency programme. Under the new law, immunity
applicants – who previously enjoyed only immunity from fines
– will now also be granted immunity from criminal proceedings
for hard-core cartels. The amendment also decriminalises soft-core
cartels and abuses of dominant position, while maintaining criminal
liability for hard-core cartels. Hard-core cartels refer to
anti-competitive agreements by competitors to fix prices or other
commercial or service conditions, limiting production or sales
(particularly by establishing quotas), the allocation of customers,
suppliers, or geographical areas, (i.e. market sharing), collusive
bidding or concerted practices. Soft-core cartels, on the other
hand, cover all other anticompetitive agreements that are not
included in the definition of hard-core cartels. This reform of the
leniency programme was largely driven by Peru's
