Criminal networks thrive by producing and trading in
counterfeit and pirated goods. These products are often substandard
and can raise health or safety risks which could even be
life-threatening. This is particularly true for counterfeit
pharmaceuticals, food and drink items, medical equipment, vehicle
spare parts, toys and even tobacco products.
There are two sub-markets of counterfeit and pirated products.
One consists of consumers who believe they are buying a genuine
product while the other includes customers well aware of the fact
that they are buying counterfeit and pirated products, but are
probably looking to find a bargain. The differentiation between
this two markets is intimately connected to deceptive and
non-deceptive counterfeiting. It may not be possible for consumers
to establish if a pharmaceutical product contains the correct
active ingredients and they may be deceived while, on the other
hand, fashion shoppers would know the difference between a
