Copyright 2016: Kazakhstan

1.1 What are the requirements for copyright to subsist in a work?

Copyright shall extend to scientific, literary and artistic works that are the outcome of creative efforts regardless of their purpose, content, merit or manner or form of expression. A work shall satisfy two fundamental requirements, it must be:(i) creative/original; and (ii) fixed in any material form.

Copyright shall protect both disclosed works and undisclosed works that exist in an objective form, in particular:

1. written form (manuscript, typewritten text, musical score, etc.);

2. oral form (public recitation, public performance, etc.);

3. sound or visual recording (mechanical, digital, magnetic, optical, etc.);