INTRODUCTION
Cargo transportation involves the transfer of commodities from
one location to another, serving as a vital component of the
worldwide economy by enabling businesses to trade and exchange
goods and services. Transporting these goods is generally made by
air, ground, and sea transport, or a combination of these
methods.
All Parties involved in transportation must be clear about their
rights, obligations, and responsibilities and these are usually
explicitly spelt out in a written contract. Sea transportation uses
its own specialised terminlogy but essentially imports contract law
principles to determines these rights, obligations and
responsibilities. A charter party or charter is defined as a
specific contract by which the owner of a ship lets the whole or
principal part to another person for the conveyance of goods on a
particular voyage to one or more places or until the expiration of
a specified time.1 In accordance with Indonesian
law, as stated in
