Text And Data Mining For AI Training

Generative artificial intelligence applications have become increasingly popular, raising critical questions about the permissibility of text and data mining for training large language models. AI training requires vast amounts of data, often including copyright-protected works from various rightsholders, creating concerns about unauthorised reproduction and potential copyright infringements.

In 2023, Finland implemented Section 13 b of the Copyright Act (404/1961), transposing the text and data mining provisions of the DSM Directive ((EU) 2019/790). The exception permits text and data mining when (i) the miner has lawful access to the work and (ii) the right of reproduction has not been expressly and appropriately reserved by the rightholder. "Lawful access" refers to access granted through an open access policy, contractual arrangements, or content freely available online.