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On 29 January 2025, the European Commission (EC) presented the Competitiveness Compass for the EU (“EU Compass”), which aims to make the EU more competitive and ensure sustainable prosperity. This strategy paper defines the EU’s economic policy priorities and is intended to set the direction for future coordination between the EU member states. We show …

Peru’s economy remains a standout in Latin America, driven by its abundant natural resources and strategic Pacific coast location. Following a period of adjustment in 2023, Peru’s GDP rebounded in 2024, surpassing regional averages, with robust expansion in the final quarter fueled by strong domestic consumption and export performance. Mining remains a cornerstone of this …

The European Union (EU) has been at the forefront of integrating sustainability into its regulatory framework, aiming at balancing economic growth with environmental and social responsibility. Recent developments however, notably the introduction of an “Omnibus Simplification Package”, have led to significant amendments to key directives such as the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) and the …

Although the term “compliance” lacks a uniform definition, it is typically understood in corporate law as ensuring that companies and their activities adhere to applicable laws. Broadly, compliance means that a company, its board members, and employees act in line with laws, ethical principles, internal policies, and regulations. It also involves the process of reviewing …

Saudi Arabia has undergone significant legal reforms to enhance its dispute resolution mechanisms, making the Kingdom more accessible for international businesses seeking to enforce foreign judgments and arbitral awards. The enforcement of foreign awards has become far more streamlined in recent years, reflecting the country’s commitment to legal modernization and judicial efficiency. One of the …

As the digital world rapidly evolves and data exchange becomes increasingly globalized, data protection has emerged as one of the most critical pillars of modern legislation. Privacy rights are now central to national legal systems, with governments around the world recognizing the need to protect individuals’ personal data in the face of rising cyber risks, …

Indonesia’s maritime sector is undergoing transformative regulatory and commercial changes. The development of new shipping regulations—encompassing the evolvement of concession regime, international partnerships, cabotage policies, and tariff regulations—is shaping the future of port and shipping operations. As Indonesia continues to attract global investment, these developments are expected to enhance its status as a key player …

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The proliferation of anti-competitive practices (cartels for lorries, cars, milk, etc.) is generating a growing social rejection, which suggests that these behaviors, which until now were sanctioned administratively, will begin to be prosecuted criminally due to the very serious damage they cause to the economy and consumers. In order to punish these behaviors, the Spanish …