Saudi Arabia has undergone significant legal reforms to enhance its dispute resolution mechanisms, making the Kingdom more accessible for international businesses seeking to enforce foreign judgments and arbitral awards. The enforcement of foreign awards has become far more streamlined in recent years, reflecting the country’s commitment to legal modernization and judicial efficiency. One of the …
As the digital world rapidly evolves and data exchange becomes increasingly globalized, data protection has emerged as one of the most critical pillars of modern legislation. Privacy rights are now central to national legal systems, with governments around the world recognizing the need to protect individuals’ personal data in the face of rising cyber risks, …
Before engaging in litigation within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, it is crucial for clients to have a foundational understanding of the country’s judicial system, which is deeply rooted in Islamic Sharia law. The Saudi legal system is unique in that it combines the principles of Sharia with carefully crafted laws that are designed to …
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Focus on: Shipping
Indonesia’s maritime sector is undergoing transformative regulatory and commercial changes. The development of new shipping regulations—encompassing the evolvement of concession regime, international partnerships, cabotage policies, and tariff regulations—is shaping the future of port and shipping operations. As Indonesia continues to attract global investment, these developments are expected to enhance its status as a key player …
Doing Business In: Spain
The proliferation of anti-competitive practices (cartels for lorries, cars, milk, etc.) is generating a growing social rejection, which suggests that these behaviors, which until now were sanctioned administratively, will begin to be prosecuted criminally due to the very serious damage they cause to the economy and consumers. In order to punish these behaviors, the Spanish …
Recent Trends South Korea is a signatory to the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Award (“New York Convention”) and has ratified the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States (“ICSID Convention”). Arbitration in South Korea is regulated by the Arbitration Act (the “Act”), originally …
Doing Business In: Armenia
Global Reach Through Treaties: Armenia has signed over 50 bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and double taxation [elimination] treaties (DTTs) with countries worldwide, including the United States, Canada, Switzerland, and China. Armenia is a member of several multilateral treaties (including the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States (ICSID) …
Bulgaria, with its myriad of advantages as a business location, has emerged as an increasingly attractive destination for investors. These advantages span across fiscal benefits, strategic geographical location, a skilled workforce, investment incentives, and a stable economic environment. The amalgamation of these factors bolsters Bulgaria’s appeal as a promising destination for both domestic and international …
In our previous Focus On article about moving to Switzerland, we covered the main aspects of residence permits and taxation and marginally touched on marital and inheritance law. With this article we are now answering the following burning questions: Will your foreign marriage be recognized in Switzerland? In the event of a divorce, what are …