Cyprus Steps Up Sanctions Enforcement: From Compliance Obligations to Criminal Consequences
On the 25th of July, 2025, the Republic of Cyprus (“Cyprus”) enacted Law 149(I)/2025, formally titled The Criminalization of the Violation of the Restrictive Measures of the European Union Law of 2025 (the “Law”). The Law transposes EU Directive 2024/1226 of the European Parliament and Council of the 24th of April, 2024, which harmonises the …
WRC Upholds TUPE Complaint Four Years After the Transfer
In Sara Halpin v Robert & F Warren Ltd (ADJ-00058438), one of the claims that the Complainant sought adjudication from the Workplace Relations Commission (“the WRC”) was under the European Communities (Protection of Employees on Transfer of Undertakings) Regulations 2003, commonly referred to as “TUPE Regulations”. Her claim was that she was never notified of …
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WRC Finds No Genuine Redundancy where Employee was Dismissed Following Refusal of New Contract Terms
In Dariusz Kowalski v Nvd Limited (ADJ-00034716) the Complainant claimed that he was unfairly dismissed by the Respondent because of his refusal to sign a new contract that altered the terms and conditions of his employment to his detriment.
The UK’s Interest in the Danish Immigration and Asylum Model
Introduction The Home Secretary, Mahmood, recently announced that she had dispatched a team of Home Office officials to Denmark to study the Danish immigration and asylum system. She praised Denmark’s apparent success in reducing the number of successful asylum claims and expressed her intention to model future UK measures on the Danish approach. While the …
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TOP-10 QUESTIONS ON MERGER CONTROL IN UKRAINE
Which transactions require merger clearance? If the transaction constitutes “concentration” under Ukrainian law, merger clearance may be required. The definition of “concentration” includes different types of transactions: (1) merger or acquisition; (2) acquisition of control (direct or indirect); (3) joint ventures. However, not every concentration requires merger clearance. Only concentrations exceeding financial thresholds are notifiable.
The EU Pay Transparency Directive: How companies can prepare for new rules on equal pay
The EU Pay Transparency Directive (Directive (EU) 2023/970) entered into force on 7 June 2023 and must be transposed by all Member States by 7 June 2026. The Directive aims to close the gender pay gap throughout the EU by introducing detailed transparency and reporting requirements, as well as stronger enforcement mechanisms.
Brazil Strengthens Financial Crime Enforcement with New Federal Tax Unit
Brazil creates special tax unit to combat money laundering, targeting fuel distributors and fintechs.
Unlocking the value of conservation: can your protected land generate carbon credits in Brazil?
Does my Legal Reserve and Permanent Preservation Area make me eligible to issue carbon credits? This is one of the most recurring questions among Brazilian rural landowners considering the recent enactment of Federal Law No. 15,042/2024, which establishes the Brazilian Emissions Trading System.
From Ornament to Asset: The Strategic Role of Prints in Intellectual Property
For a long time, prints were regarded merely as transient ornaments — accessories within a collection or aesthetic variations of fashion and consumer products. That perception has radically changed in recent decades.
Force Majeure vs Hardship under Ukrainian Law
In today’s unpredictable world, businesses often face circumstances that disrupt contractual performance. Whether it’s war, sanctions, pandemic, or skyrocketing costs, many turn to legal safety nets such as force majeure and hardship to mitigate the consequences. Yet, in Ukraine, commercial actors often conflate the two doctrines, leading to uncertainty and practical difficulties in their application. …
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