{"id":152588,"date":"2026-11-04T10:39:15","date_gmt":"2026-11-04T10:39:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legal500.com\/guides\/?post_type=comparative_guide&#038;p=152588"},"modified":"2026-11-04T12:27:46","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T12:27:46","slug":"algeria-international-arbitration","status":"publish","type":"comparative_guide","link":"https:\/\/www.legal500.com\/guides\/chapter\/algeria-international-arbitration\/","title":{"rendered":"Algeria: International Arbitration"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"template":"","class_list":["post-152588","comparative_guide","type-comparative_guide","status-publish","hentry","guides-international-arbitration","jurisdictions-algeria"],"acf":[],"appp":{"post_list":{"below_title":"<div class=\"guide-author-details\"><span class=\"guide-author\">Fares Legal Group<\/span><span class=\"guide-author-logo\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1\/2026\/10\/Screenshot-2026-10-20-104318.jpg\"\/><\/span><\/div>"},"post_detail":{"above_title":"<div class=\"guide-author-details\"><span class=\"guide-author\">Fares Legal Group<\/span><span class=\"guide-author-logo\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1\/2026\/10\/Screenshot-2026-10-20-104318.jpg\"\/><\/span><\/div>","below_title":"<span class=\"guide-intro\">This country specific Q&amp;A provides an overview of International Arbitration laws and regulations applicable in Algeria<\/span><div class=\"guide-content\"><div class=\"filter\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"text\" placeholder=\"Search questions and answers...\" class=\"filter-container__search-field\">\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<ol class=\"custom-counter\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What legislation applies to arbitration in your country? Are there any mandatory laws?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>In Algeria, the code of civil and administrative procedure (CPCA) of 2008 defines rules on arbitration.<\/p>\n<p>Pursuant to its articles 1006 <em>et al<\/em>., arbitration can be domestic or international. Arbitration is international if it involves the economic interests of at least two states (article 1039 of the CPCA). Arbitration is based on an arbitration agreement or an arbitration clause which removes the dispute from the state judges.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Is your country a signatory to the New York Convention? Are there any reservations to the general obligations of the Convention?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Algeria signed the United Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Awards (the New York Convention of 1958). The Convention entered into force in Algeria on 8 May 1989.<\/p>\n<p>Algeria did not make any reservations but declared that it will apply the Convention only to:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; recognition and enforcement of awards made in the territory of another contracting State (reciprocity principle),<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; differences arising out of legal relationships, whether contractual or not, that are considered commercial under the national law (commercial principle).<\/p>\n<p>In application of the Convention, both domestic and international arbitrations are recognised in Algeria. International arbitral awards may be recognised and enforced in Algeria subject to <em>exequatur<\/em> in conformity with the Convention. In other words, they are enforceable only after recourse to the state judge, who will transform them into an enforceable title.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What other arbitration-related treaties and conventions is your country a party to?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Algeria signed the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States. This Convention created the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID).<\/p>\n<p>Algeria is party to bilateral investment treaties signed with many states. They provide for the right of dispute resolution through international arbitration such:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; investor-state arbitration under the ICSID Convention signed by Algeria,<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; or <em>ad hoc<\/em> international arbitration under the rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL),<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; or international arbitration under the Chamber of Commerce arbitration rules.<\/p>\n<p>Algeria is also party to other arbitration-related treaties such as: the Convention establishing the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency signed in Seoul on 11 October 1985, the Protocol on economic co-operation signed by France and Algeria on 21 June 1982.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Is the law governing international arbitration in your country based on the UNCITRAL Model Law? Are there significant differences between the two? Are there any impending plans to reform the arbitration laws in your country? Has your jurisdiction adopted, or is it considering adopting, the amendments of 6 July 2026 regarding electronic awards and communications?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The CPCA governing international arbitration in Algeria is based on the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration on some aspects, such as: the definition of arbitration, the choice of appropriate law (art. 1050 CPCA inspired by art. 28.2 UNCITRAL Model Law).<\/p>\n<p>Recourse to international arbitration requires the conclusion of an arbitration agreement, which takes two forms:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>an arbitration clause, which concerns disputes that may arise in the future; and<\/li>\n<li>a submission agreement (\u2018compromis\u2019), which is concluded once a dispute already exists.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In Algerian law, state entities are excluded <em>rationae personae<\/em> from the arbitration under articles 800 and 975 CPCA: &#8216;Art. 975. The persons referred to in Article 800 above may not compromise [the State, the <em>wilaya<\/em>, the <em>commune<\/em>&#8230;], except in the cases provided for by the international conventions that Algeria has ratified as well as in terms of public procurement.&#8217;<\/p>\n<p>Nevertheless according to Investment Law n\u00b022\/18 in its article 12, foreign investors may conclude an arbitration agreement directly with the Algerian Investment Promotion Agency (AAPI) representing the Algerian state, to settle through international arbitration any dispute on the investment.<\/p>\n<p>There are no impending plans to reform the arbitration laws in Algeria.<\/p>\n<p>We are not aware of any Algerian proposal to adopt the amendments of 6 July 2026 regarding electronic awards and communications.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What arbitral institutions (if any) exist in your country? When were their rules last amended? Are any amendments being considered?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Several arbitral institutions exist in Algeria, such as:<\/p>\n<p>a) The Center of Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA) created within the Algerian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (CACI). The CACI is not considering any amendments.<\/p>\n<p>b) The creation of the Algerian Centre for Dispute Settlement was announced by the Bar Association of Algiers in 2026. It is still in process of creation and not yet operating.<\/p>\n<p>c) A mediation centre linked to the Algerian National Institute of Industrial Property (INAPI)<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Is there a specialist arbitration court in your country?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Inside state courts, there is no separate specialist arbitration court as such. Nevertheless, the CPCA assigns supporting and supervisory functions to specified state courts depending on the seat and procedural context.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What are the validity requirements for an arbitration agreement under the laws of your country?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Under the Algerian CPCA, the formal and substantive validity requirements are not identical in domestic (a) and international arbitration (b).<\/p>\n<p><strong>a. Domestic arbitration<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In the CPCA, the rules governing domestic arbitration are distinct for an arbitration clause (i) and a submission agreement (\u2018compromis\u2019) (ii).<\/p>\n<p>(i) Arbitration clause<\/p>\n<p>Under article 1008 of the CPCA, \u2018The arbitration clause must, on pain of nullity, be stipulated in writing in the main agreement or in a document to which it refers.<\/p>\n<p>Under the same sanction, the arbitration clause must either designate the arbitrator(s) or provide for the terms and conditions of their designation.\u2019<\/p>\n<p>\u2018If the arbitration clause is either manifestly null or insufficient to allow for the constitution of the arbitral tribunal, the president of the court shall record this and declare that there is no reason for the designation\u2019 (art. 1009 CPCA).<\/p>\n<p>(ii) Submission agreement (\u2018compromis\u2019)<\/p>\n<p>A compromis is the agreement by which the parties to a dispute submit this one to arbitration (art. 1011 of the CPCA).<\/p>\n<p>Pursuant to article 1012 of the CPCA, \u2018the compromis is recorded in writing. The agreement shall designate, on pain of nullity, the subject-matter of the dispute and the names of the arbitrators, or arrangements for appointing these arbitrators\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>It is possible to compromise even during a proceeding before the court (article 1013 of the CPCA).<\/p>\n<p><strong>b. International arbitration<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In application of article 1040 of the CPCA: \u2018the arbitration agreement governs both existing and future disputes.<\/p>\n<p>As to the form, the arbitration agreement must, on pain of nullity, be in writing, or by any other means of communication that allows written proof of its existence.<\/p>\n<p>As for the substance, it is valid if it meets the conditions set by the chosen right by the parties, either the law governing the subject matter of the dispute or the law that the arbitrator considers appropriate.<\/p>\n<p>The validity of an arbitration agreement may not be contested on the ground that the main contract would not be valid.\u2019<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Are arbitration clauses considered separable from the main contract?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>In Algeria, an arbitration clause is considered separable from the main contract\u00a0 in which it appears.<\/p>\n<p>Indeed, according to CPCA art. 1040 par. 4 &#8216;The validity of an arbitration agreement may not be contested on the ground that the main contract would not be valid.&#8217;<\/p>\n<p>In this sense, Algerian law reflects international law and practice.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Do the courts of your country apply a validation principle under which an arbitration agreement should be considered valid and enforceable if it would be so considered under at least one of the national laws potentially applicable to it?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Article 1040 adopts a validity-favouring approach, by providing alternative laws under which the arbitration agreement may be substantively valid.<\/p>\n<p>Indeed, according to CPCA art. 1040. &#8211; par. 3: &#8216;as for the substance, it is valid if it meets the conditions set in the law chosen by the parties, either the law governing the subject matter of the dispute or the law that the arbitrator considers appropriate.&#8217;<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Are asymmetric arbitration clauses \u2013 for instance, where one party has the right to choose between arbitration or litigation while the other party does not have this option \u2013 valid in your jurisdiction?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The Algerian CPCA does not expressly prohibit asymmetric arbitration clauses.<\/p>\n<p>The validity of the asymmetrical arbitration clause should be assessed in the light of its wording, the consent of the parties and the arbitration agreement.<\/p>\n<p>Article 1008 of the CPCA mainly requires that the clause be in writing and designate the arbitrator(s) or provide for the terms and conditions of their designation. In application of those validity requirements, an arbitration clause granting only one party the choice between arbitration and court cannot be considered automatically null.<\/p>\n<p>The CPCA does not expressly regulate asymmetric arbitration clauses. In the absence of established Algerian case law specifically addressing their validity, their enforceability should be assessed on a case-by-case basis in light of: the parties\u2019 consent, the applicable law and the wording of the clause.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">In what instances can third parties or non-signatories be bound by an arbitration agreement? Are there any recent court decisions on these issues?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>In principle, third parties or non-signatories are not bound by an arbitration agreement in Algeria. The CPCA does not codify a general doctrine extending arbitration agreements to non-signatories or group companies.<\/p>\n<p>However, certain situations may lead to the agreement being opposed by a non-signatory, subject to the discretion of the judge or arbitral tribunal. For instance the consent to arbitration by a non-signatory could be established directly or through its conduct and effective participation in the contractual transaction. Several past court decisions and international arbitral awards are known on this issue regarding Algeria. In the 1980s, Algeria restructured its economic system, replacing its former socialist companies by state-owned enterprises. Foreign companies and the former socialist companies had signed international contracts including a clause choosing the ICC arbitration. The foreign party sought the sovability of the initial contractor, and to this aim, it assigned: the former socialist company and the new state-owned enterprise (see Trari Tani M., <em>Droit alg\u00e9rien de l\u2019arbitrage commercial international<\/em>, Berti Editions, Alger, 2007, p. 59).<\/p>\n<p>It is therefore prudent to assess the existence of a consent to arbitration on a case-by-case basis, rather than automatically consider that a third party is bound by the agreement.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Are there any recent court decisions and\/or legislative reform in your country concerning the choice of law applicable to an arbitration agreement where no such law has been specified by the Parties?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>We have not identified any recent published Algerian court decision or legislative reform concerning the choice of law applicable to an arbitration agreement where no such law has been specified by the parties.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">How is the law applicable to the substance determined? Is there a specific set of choice of law rules in your country?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The parties are free to determine in an arbitration agreement the law applicable to the substance of a dispute.<\/p>\n<p>In the absence of agreement, the Algerian CPCA suggests choice-of-law rules which differ for domestic (a) and international arbitration (b).<\/p>\n<p><strong>a. In domestic arbitration:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8216;The arbitrators will decide according to the rules of law&#8217; (art. 1023). Algerian arbitrators will use the choice-of-law rule set up in article 18 of the Algerian civil code:<\/p>\n<p>* the law chosen by the parties, provided that it has a real connection with the parties or the contract;<\/p>\n<p>* failing that, the law of the parties&#8217; common domicile or common nationality;<\/p>\n<p>* failing that, the law of the place where the contract was concluded;<\/p>\n<p>* with a special rule that contracts concerning immovable are governed by the law of the location of the immovable.<\/p>\n<p>* The Algerian civil code provides separate choice-of-law rules for matters such as the form of legal acts (art. 19 of the civil code), non-contractual obligations (art. 20), and procedural matters (art. 21 bis).<\/p>\n<p><strong>b. In international arbitration:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8216;The arbitral tribunal shall decide the dispute in accordance with the rules of law that the parties have chosen, or failing that, according to the rules of law and practice which it considers appropriate&#8217; (art. 1050 CPCA).<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">In your country, are there any particular requirements for and\/or restrictions in the appointment of arbitrators?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The CPCA sets particular requirements for and\/or restrictions in the appointment of arbitrators both in domestic (a) and international arbitration (b).<\/p>\n<p><strong>a. Domestic arbitration:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; The mission of arbitrator is entrusted to a natural person only if he enjoys his civil rights (art. 1014 <em>et al<\/em><em>.<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; The number of arbitrators must be uneven (art. 1017).<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Articles 1014 and 1017 apply to domestic arbitration; the CPCA does not expressly state whether they apply to international arbitration<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; If the arbitration agreement designates a legal person, it shall designate one or more of its members as arbitrators.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; The constitution of the arbitral tribunal is achieved only if the arbitrator(s) accept the mission entrusted to them.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; The arbitrator who is known to be recusable must inform the parties and can accept his mission provided they agree.<\/p>\n<p><strong>b. International arbitration:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; The parties may freely appoint arbitrator(s), either directly or under agreed institutional\/procedural rules, and may specify requirements for their appointment, removal and replacement (art. 1041).<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; In the absence of such a designation, and in case of difficulty for designation, revocation or replacement of the arbitrators, the most diligent party may revert to the judge (art. 1041, see question 15).<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Can the local courts intervene in the selection of arbitrators? If so, how?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Local courts may intervene in the selection of arbitrators in application of the CPCA.<\/p>\n<p><strong>a. Domestic arbitration (art. 1009 CPCA)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; If the constitution of the arbitral tribunal encounters a difficulty due to one of the parties or in implementing the designation procedures, the president of the local court of the conclusion of the contract or its execution shall designate the arbitrator(s).<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; If the arbitration clause is either manifestly null or insufficient to constitute the arbitral tribunal, the president of the court shall record this and declare that there is no reason for it designation.<\/p>\n<p>It is to be noted that under article 1012 of the CPCA, \u2018when the designated arbitrator does not accept the assignment entrusted to him, he shall be replaced by order of the president of the competent court\u2019.<\/p>\n<p><strong>b. International arbitration (art. 1041 CPCA)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In case the arbitrators were not designated in the arbitration agreement or in case of difficulty for designation, revocation or replacement of the arbitrators, the most diligent party may:<\/p>\n<p>1 &#8211; in the case where the arbitration is held in Algeria, refer the matter to the president of the court of the place of arbitration;<\/p>\n<p>2 &#8211; in the case where the arbitration is located abroad and in respect of which the parties have provided the application of the rules of procedure in force in Algeria, refer the matter to the President of the Algiers Tribunal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Can the appointment of an arbitrator be challenged? What are the grounds for such a challenge? What is the procedure for such a challenge?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The CPCA provides that an arbitrator may be challenged following different procedures in domestic (a) and international arbitration (b).<\/p>\n<p><strong>a. Domestic arbitration<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Article 1016 CPCA explains that recusation is possible with regards to the following grounds and procedure:<\/p>\n<p>1 &#8211; when the arbitrator does not meet the qualifications agreed between the parties;<\/p>\n<p>2 &#8211; when there is a cause for recusation provided for by the arbitration rules adopted by the parties;<\/p>\n<p>3 &#8211; when the circumstances allow legitimate doubts about its independence, notably due to the existence, directly or through an intermediary, of interests, links economic or family with a part.<\/p>\n<p>A party may challenge an arbitrator whom it has appointed or helped to appoint only for a case of which it became aware after this designation.<\/p>\n<p>The arbitral tribunal and the other party shall be informed without delay of the cause for recusation.<\/p>\n<p>In the event of a dispute and if the parties or the arbitration rules have not settled the procedure of recusation, the competent judge shall rule by order at the request of the most diligent party. This order shall not be subject to any form of appeal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>b. International arbitration<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Article 1041 CPCA specifies that, where the parties have not provided for the appointment\/revocation\/replacement mechanism and a difficulty arises:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; if the arbitration is situated in Algeria, the diligent party may apply to the president of the tribunal at the place of arbitration;<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; if the arbitration is situated abroad but the parties have chosen Algerian procedural rules, the application is made to the President of the Algiers Tribunal<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Have there been any recent developments concerning the duty of independence and impartiality of the arbitrators, including the duty of disclosure?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Under Algerian law, there have been no major recent legislative developments affecting the independence and impartiality of arbitrators.<\/p>\n<p>Nevertheless the CPCA provides mechanisms that aim at guaranteeing impartiality in domestic arbitration:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Article 1015 CPCA specifies that an arbitrator who becomes aware of circumstances that may give rise to a ground for challenge must disclose them to the parties and may accept the mandate only with their agreement.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Article 1016 provides for the possibility of challenging an arbitrator where circumstances exist that may legitimately cast doubt on his or her independence, including certain economic or family relationships with a party.<\/p>\n<p>In international arbitration, disclosure obligations may also arise from the applicable arbitration rules and international practice. In ICSID proceedings, Articles 56 and 57 of the ICSID Convention govern the replacement and disqualification of arbitrators.<\/p>\n<p>As a consequence, while the CPCA does not expressly define impartiality, it is inherent in the arbitrator\u2019s function.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Are arbitrators immune from liability?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Under Algerian law, arbitrators do not benefit from an express general immunity from liability for acts performed in the exercise of their mandate.<\/p>\n<p>The CPCA merely imposes on arbitrators a duty of disclosure during domestic arbitration (see question 17).<\/p>\n<p>Where a breach of the duty of disclosure causes damage, an arbitrator risks to incur liability. The scope of such liability remains subject to the general principles of Algerian civil liability and the specific circumstances of the case.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Is the principle of competence-competence recognized in your country?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The principle of competence-competence according to which an arbitral tribunal is competent to judge on its own competence in first instance is recognised in Algeria. The request regarding the competence of the arbitral tribunal must be raised before a defence on the merits. The arbitral tribunal shall rule on its jurisdiction by a preliminary ruling unless the exception of incompetence is linked to the substance of the dispute (art. 1044 CPCA).<\/p>\n<p>Originally the CPCA recognised this principle for domestic arbitration. Nowadays the CPCA applies it to international arbitration set in Algeria (see former article 458 bis 7 of the CPCA amended and replaced by current article 1044 CPCA).<\/p>\n<p>The doctrine wonders if the remedies existing against arbitral awards can apply to a preliminary decision on the exception of incompetence? Two answers exist:<\/p>\n<p>i. If the arbitral tribunal decided it is competent: the arbitrators shall continue their mission until the final award on merits. Then the exception of incompetence can be raised again in front of the state courts.<\/p>\n<p>ii. If the arbitral tribunal decided it is incompetent: where the arbitrators have already rendered an award of incompetence, the means of appeal against such award shall be available immediately, including the action for annulment (Trari Tani M., <em>Droit alg\u00e9rien<\/em>, <em> cit.<\/em> p. 110).<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What is the approach of local courts towards a party commencing litigation in apparent breach of an arbitration agreement?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Where a party commences court proceedings in apparent breach of a valid arbitration agreement, the Algerian courts should decline jurisdiction over the merits once the arbitration agreement is invoked by the other party.<\/p>\n<p>This is particularly true in international arbitration since article 1045 of the CPCA expressly provides that the court is incompetent to rule on the merits where an arbitration agreement exists, provided that it is invoked by one of the parties.<\/p>\n<p>Accordingly, the party relying on the arbitration agreement should raise the objection of lack of jurisdiction of the Algerian court at the appropriate procedural stage.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What happens when a respondent fails to participate in the arbitration? Can the local courts compel participation?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Under Algerian law, a respondent\u2019s failure to participate in arbitration does not, in principle, prevent the arbitral proceedings from continuing. This is the consequence of the parties\u2019 agreed procedural framework and the tribunal\u2019s duty to respect due process.<\/p>\n<p>The arbitral tribunal may proceed with the arbitration and render an award on the basis of the evidence and submissions available to it, provided that the respondent has been duly notified and that the rights of defence and the adversarial principle are respected.<\/p>\n<p>To our knowledge, Algerian courts do not have a general power to compel a party to participate voluntarily in arbitral proceedings. Their intervention is limited to the specific judicial assistance mechanisms provided by CPCA, including those relating to the constitution and functioning of the arbitral tribunal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Can third parties voluntarily join arbitration proceedings? If all parties agree to the intervention, is the tribunal bound by this agreement? If all parties do not agree to the intervention, can the tribunal allow for it?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Under Algerian law, a third party may voluntarily join arbitration if (i) it validly consents to the arbitration and (ii) the existing parties agree to its participation.<\/p>\n<p>The parties\u2019 agreement generally provides the necessary consensual basis for extending the arbitral tribunal\u2019s jurisdiction.<\/p>\n<p>If all parties do not agree, the tribunal generally cannot compel a non-consenting third party to participate merely because its involvement would be procedurally convenient or desirable.<\/p>\n<p>Arbitration is fundamentally based on consent, and article 1038 CPCA provides that domestic and international arbitral awards are not opposable to third parties. Accordingly, compulsory intervention should not be permitted absent a separate legal basis establishing the third party\u2019s consent or obligation to arbitrate.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What interim measures are available? Will local courts issue interim measures pending the constitution of the tribunal? Are anti-suit and\/or anti-arbitration injunctions available and enforceable in your country? What is the approach of local courts in your jurisdiction to anti-arbitration injunctions issued in breach of arbitration agreements?  Have there been any recent decisions on this point?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Interim measures aim at preserving a situation, rights or evidence. The CPCA remains silent regarding interim measures in domestic arbitration. Nevertheless the CPCA allows such interim measures in international arbitration:<\/p>\n<p>&#8216;Art. 1046. &#8211; Unless otherwise agreed, the arbitral tribunal may order measures provisional or protective, at the request of one of the parties.<\/p>\n<p>If the party concerned does not comply voluntarily, the arbitral tribunal may request the assistance of the competent judge. The latter judge applies its own law.<\/p>\n<p>The arbitral tribunal, or the judge, may make interim measures of protection subject to the provision by the plaintiff of appropriate security warranties.&#8217;<\/p>\n<p>Thus, Algerian positive law recognises the competence of arbitrators to order such interim measures.<\/p>\n<p>As to anti-suit and anti-arbitration injunctions, such injunctions are not addressed in published Algerian authority.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Are there particular rules governing evidentiary matters in arbitration? Will the local courts in your jurisdiction play any role in the obtaining of evidence? Can local courts compel witnesses to participate in arbitration proceedings?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The CPCA provides that in domestic arbitration \u2018each party is required to produce its defenses and evidence fifteen (15) days at least before the arbitration deadline expires; the arbitrators are required to rule on this which will have been produced\u2019 (art. 1022).<\/p>\n<p>In international arbitration, evidence is principally administered by the arbitral tribunal (art. 1047 of the CPCA).<\/p>\n<p>Algerian courts may assist with the taking of evidence when judicial assistance is necessary pursuant to article 1048 of the CPCA: &#8216;If the assistance of the judicial authority is necessary for the administration of evidence or to extend the mandate of the arbitrators or validate procedural documents or for others if so, the arbitral tribunal, or the parties to an agreement with it, or the party most diligently authorised by him, may request, on simple application, the assistance of the competent judge. This judge shall apply its own right.&#8217;<\/p>\n<p>Coercive measures against witnesses\/third parties are therefore potentially available through Algerian courts in international arbitration.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What ethical codes and other professional standards, if any, apply to counsel and arbitrators conducting proceedings in your country? Do these codes and professional standards apply only to counsel and arbitrators having the nationality of your jurisdiction?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Algerian lawyers are governed by Law No. 13-07 of 29 October 2013 on the organisation of the profession of lawyer, together with the applicable professional and ethical rules of the Algerian Bar. In domestic arbitration, arbitrators are subject to the requirements of independence, impartiality and disclosure set in article 1015 of the CPCA.<\/p>\n<p>These requirements are not based solely on nationality. When foreign arbitrators participate in arbitral proceedings conducted in Algeria, the procedural and professional requirements may apply irrespective of their nationality, subject to any applicable institutional rules.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">In your country, are there any rules with respect to the confidentiality of arbitration proceedings?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>In domestic arbitration, article 1025 of the CPCA protects the secrecy of the arbitrators&#8217; deliberations.<\/p>\n<p>In international arbitration, the CPCA does not impose a general duty of confidentiality on the parties, arbitrators, or counsel to keep the arbitration proceedings, submissions, evidence, or award confidential. Nevertheless legal practice is generally private, subject to specific arbitration rules and party agreement.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">How are the IBA guidelines on conflicts of interest and other similar soft law sources viewed by courts and tribunals in your jurisdiction? Are they frequently applied? Have any developments under the 2024 IBA Guidelines, including the expanded Orange List, the treatment of social media conduct, or due diligence obligations on parties, and the UNCITRAL Code of Conduct for Arbitrators been addressed by courts and tribunals in your jurisdiction?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Under Algerian law, the IBA Guidelines on Conflicts of Interest are regarded as non-binding soft law and do not form part of the mandatory rules governing arbitration. They may nevertheless provide useful guidance to arbitral tribunals, counsel and courts when assessing independence, impartiality and disclosure, particularly in international arbitration.<\/p>\n<p>There does not appear to be a well-established or frequent practice of Algerian courts expressly applying the IBA Guidelines.<\/p>\n<p>We are not aware of published Algerian decisions specifically addressing the 2024 Guidelines, including the expanded Orange List, social media conduct or the parties\u2019 due diligence obligations.<\/p>\n<p>Likewise, no published Algerian decision has been identified specifically applying the UNCITRAL Code of Conduct for Arbitrators.<\/p>\n<p>These instruments may nevertheless be used as persuasive guidance, provided that they do not conflict with Algerian mandatory law.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">How are the costs of arbitration proceedings estimated and allocated? Can pre- and post-award interest be included in the principal claim and costs incurred?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>As for the costs of arbitration, Algerian law does not set a mandatory statutory tariff applicable to arbitrators\u2019 fees. Allocation of the costs depends on the arbitration agreement, applicable rules and tribunal award for.<\/p>\n<p>The arbitral tribunal may take into account established institutional fee schedules as a reference. For example, in an ad hoc arbitration conducted in Algeria, the arbitrators may agree to apply, by analogy, the fee schedule published by the Algerian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.algerianarbitrationcenter.com\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81\/\">CACI<\/a>), even though the arbitration is not administered by the CACI. Such application should, however, be based on the parties\u2019 agreement or otherwise on an appropriate procedural basis and should not be presented as a mandatory requirement under Algerian law.<\/p>\n<p>As for the interests, the CPCA contains no specific provision on pre- or post-award interest. Their availability and calculation depend principally on the applicable substantive law, the parties\u2019 claims and the tribunal\u2019s determination.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">How are applications for security for costs viewed in your jurisdiction?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>In domestic arbitration, there is no specific statutory regime governing applications for &#8216;security for costs&#8217;. As a consequence, there is no general presumption that a claimant must provide security for the respondent\u2019s costs.<\/p>\n<p>In international arbitration, article 1046 CPCA provides that &#8216;the arbitral tribunal, or the judge, may make interim measures of protection subject to the provision by the plaintiff of appropriate security.&#8217;<\/p>\n<p>In practice, the possibility of requesting such security may depend on the parties\u2019 agreement and on the procedural arrangements adopted for the arbitration. Where the parties have conferred appropriate procedural powers on the arbitral tribunal, the tribunal may consider such a request in accordance with the agreed procedural framework, while ensuring equality between the parties and respect for the rights of defence.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What legal requirements are there in your country for the recognition and enforcement of an award? Is there a requirement that the award be reasoned, i.e. substantiated and motivated?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Several requirements apply for the recognition and enforcement of awards, whether domestic awards (a), international awards rendered in Algeria (b) and foreign awards \/ international awards rendered outside Algeria (c).<\/p>\n<p><strong>a. Domestic awards:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; they must be motivated (article 1027 CPCA).<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u2018The final, partial or preparatory arbitration award is made enforceable by order of the president of the court within whose jurisdiction it was made. To this end, the original of the award shall be filed by the most diligent party in the registry of that court.<\/p>\n<p>The costs of filing motions, documents and the original arbitration award are due by the parties.<\/p>\n<p>The parties may appeal against the order refusing enforcement within fifteen days days (15) after the refusal, in court\u2019 (article 1035 CPCA).<\/p>\n<p><strong>b. International awards rendered in Algeria :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; They are made enforceable by order of the president of the court within whose jurisdiction it was made following the procedure applicable to domestic awards described in article 1035 CPCA. Indeed art. 1054 sets that \u2018the provisions contained in Articles 1035 to 1038 above are applicable to the enforcement of international arbitration awards.\u2019<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; The international award must be motivated, otherwise they can be challenged (article 1056, paragraph 5 CPCA).<\/p>\n<p><strong>c. International awards rendered outside Algeria:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; During an international arbitration, foreign awards are enforceable in Algeria at the request of the winning party. They are subject to a judicial review before being granted an executory order in the Algerian jurisdiction.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; To this end, they \u2018are recognised in Algeria if their existence is established by the one who avails himself of it and if this recognition is not contrary to international public order.<\/p>\n<p>Under the same conditions, they are declared enforceable in Algeria by the president of the court within whose jurisdiction they were rendered or by the court of the place of performance if the the seat of the arbitral tribunal is located outside national territory\u2019 (art. 1051 CPCA).<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u2018The existence of an arbitration award is established by producing the original document accompanied by the arbitration agreement or copies of these documents; they must meet the requirements for their authenticity\u2019 (art. 1052 CPCA). The said documents are filed in the registry of the competent jurisdiction, by the most diligent party (art. 1053 CPCA).<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; The international arbitral award must be motivated, or it can be challenged (art. 1056, paragraph 5 CPCA).<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What is the estimated timeframe for the recognition and enforcement of an award (domestic and international)? Can a party bring a motion for the recognition and enforcement of an award on an ex parte basis? Would the standard of review be different for domestic and international awards?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Under Algerian law, there is no statutory fixed timeframe for obtaining recognition and enforcement of an arbitral award, whether domestic (a) or international (b). In practice, the timeframe depends on the competent court and the circumstances of the proceedings. The CPCA does not establish a general <em>ex parte<\/em> procedure for either category.<\/p>\n<p><strong>a. Domestic award<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Article 1035 of the CPCA provides that the award is made enforceable by an order of the President of the competent court, following deposit of the original award with the court registry; an order refusing enforcement may be appealed within fifteen (15) days.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Article 1033 of the CPCA provides for an ordinary appeal of the award within one month from the date of its delivery, unless the parties have waived the appeal in the arbitration agreement.<\/p>\n<p><strong>b. International award rendered in Algeria or abroad<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Articles 1051 to 1053 of the CPCA provide for recognition and enforcement by the competent Algerian court, subject in particular to establishing the existence of the award and compliance with international public order.<\/p>\n<p>Article 1051 establishes two separate procedures for the enforcement of international awards rendered in Algeria and those rendered abroad: &#8216;they are declared enforceable in Algeria by the president of\u00a0 the court within whose jurisdiction they were rendered or by the court of the place of performance if the seat of the arbitral tribunal is located outside the national territory.&#8217;<\/p>\n<p>In conclusion, the scope of judicial review differs: domestic awards are subject to the regime of Articles 1032\u20131034, including the possibility of appeal unless waived, whereas international awards are subject to the specific and more limited grounds of review set out in Article 1056 (see question 32).<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Can arbitration awards be appealed or challenged in local courts? What are the grounds and procedure in this regard? Is it possible for parties to waive any rights of appeal or challenge to an award by agreement?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The Algerian CPCA provides the following remedies against an arbitration award that is domestic (a) or international and rendered in Algeria (b), or international and rendered abroad (c) : the appeal and the action for annulment.<\/p>\n<p><strong>a. Domestic award<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The appeal may be dismissed because the parties have expressly or implicitly waived it, or because they have opted for an amicable composition.<\/p>\n<p>&#8216;Art. 1032. &#8211; The arbitration award is not subject to opposition.\u00a0 It may be the subject of a third-party opposition before the court which would have been competent before submitting the dispute to arbitration.<\/p>\n<p>Art. 1033. &#8211; The arbitration award is subject to appeal, within one (1) month, from the date of its delivery, before the court in whose jurisdiction it was rendered, unless the parties have waived the appeal in the arbitration agreement.<\/p>\n<p>Art. 1034. &#8211; Only judgments given on appeal are appealable in cassation in accordance with the provisions of this Code.&#8217;<\/p>\n<p><strong>b. International award rendered in Algeria or abroad<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>under Article 1055, an order refusing recognition or enforcement may be appealed;<\/li>\n<li>under Article 1056, an order granting recognition or enforcement may be appealed only on the exhaustively listed statutory grounds;<\/li>\n<li>under Article 1058, an international award rendered in Algeria may be challenged by an action for annulment on the same grounds referred to in Article 1056.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>More precisely, article 1056 of the CPCA lists the grounds of appeal and action for annulment: \u2018The appeal of the order granting recognition or enforcement [of the international award] is open only in the following cases:<\/p>\n<p>(1) if the arbitral tribunal has ruled without an arbitration agreement or on a void or expired agreement ;<\/p>\n<p>(2) whether the arbitral tribunal was improperly composed or the sole arbitrator improperly appointed;<\/p>\n<p>(3) if the arbitral tribunal ruled without complying with the mission entrusted to it;<\/p>\n<p>(4) when the principle of contradiction has not been respected;<\/p>\n<p>(5) if the arbitral tribunal has not given reasons or if there are conflicting grounds;<\/p>\n<p>(6) if the award is contrary to international public policy.&#8217;<\/p>\n<p>It must be underlined that the action for annulment is available only for international awards rendered in Algeria. The parties cannot waive it. Under article 1056 of the CPCA, the grounds of annulment are the same as those of appeal.<\/p>\n<p>Articles 1058 and 1059 of the CPCA describe the procedure of the action for annulment:<\/p>\n<p>&#8216;Art. 1058. The arbitration award rendered in Algeria in international arbitration matters may be the subject of an action for annulment in the cases provided for in Article 1056 above.<\/p>\n<p>The order granting enforcement of this award is not subject to appeal. However, an action to set aside the arbitration award automatically carries recourse against the court\u2019s enforcement order or its dismissal when it has not was again ruled.<\/p>\n<p>Art. 1059.\u00a0 The action for annulment (&#8230;) is brought before the court in the jurisdiction of which the award was made. The action is admissible as soon as the sentence is pronounced. This appeal is no longer admissible if it has not been exercised within one month of the notification of the order rendering the sentence enforceable.&#8217;<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">In what instances can third parties or non-signatories be bound by an award? To what extent might a third party challenge the recognition of an award?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The arbitration award may mention expressly third parties or non-signatories. Indeed, article 975 CPCA excludes state entities from the arbitration <em>rationae personae <\/em>in some instances (see question 4). However international arbitration awards usually recognise the ability of Algerian state entities to engage in arbitration (see Trari Tani M., <em>Droit alg\u00e9rien<\/em>, <em>op. cit.<\/em> p. 60).<\/p>\n<p>Domestic and international awards do not bind third parties (art. 1038 and 1054 CPCA).<\/p>\n<p>Nevertheless, the domestic arbitration award may be challenged by a third-party before the court which would have been competent before submitting the dispute to arbitration (art. 1032 of the Algerian CPCA).<\/p>\n<p>The CPCA does not provide an equivalent provision for international awards.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Are there any rules \/ court decisions that regulate or prohibit third party funding of arbitration proceedings \u2013 for instance, where funding by an entity not involved in the dispute in return for a share of the eventual award may be barred \u2013 in your jurisdiction?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>There is currently no specific Algerian legislation regulating or expressly prohibiting third-party funding of arbitration.<\/p>\n<p>Third-party funding may be considered possible but remains uncommon and largely unregulated in practice.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Is emergency arbitrator relief available and recognized in your country? Are decisions made by emergency arbitrators readily enforceable?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Algerian law does not establish an emergency arbitrator regime. The CPCA merely\u00a0 allows arbitral tribunals to order provisional or conservatory measures, with judicial assistance for their implementation (art. 1046).<\/p>\n<p>The CACI Arbitration Rules provide for \u2018urgent procedures\u2019 in article 48. This article provides that \u2018the parties can apply for emergency measures. They are authorized by the arbitral tribunal, if it is constituted, and otherwise by the Committee, to apply to the state judge. The payment of a provision is required before any decision on the urgent measure.\u2019\u00a0Article 48 merely facilitates recourse to state courts\u2019 urgent measures and does not create a statutory emergency arbitrator.<\/p>\n<p>We have not identified any established Algerian case law confirming the direct enforcement of an emergency arbitrator\u2019s order as such.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Are there arbitral laws or arbitration institutional rules in your country providing simplified or expedited procedures for claims under a certain value? Are they often used?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The Algerian CPCA and the current CACI Arbitration Rules do not provide for a separate expedited procedure for claims under a certain value.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Have there been any recent court decisions in your country considering the setting aside of an award that has been enforced in another jurisdiction or vice versa?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>We have not identified a recent Algerian court decision specifically addressing the setting aside (\u2018annulment\u2019) in Algeria of an award that had already been enforced in another jurisdiction, or vice versa.<\/p>\n<p>However, the case <em>General Dairy and Yogurt Industry Company (GLT) versus Sodima<\/em><em>n <\/em><em>Supreme Court decision No. 662514 of 5 May 2011<\/em> establishes an important related principle: an international arbitral award rendered outside Algeria cannot be challenged by way of annulment or modification before the Algerian courts, even where provisional enforcement is concerned. The decision therefore confirms the distinction between the court of the seat, which has jurisdiction over setting-aside proceedings, and the courts of other jurisdictions, which may be called upon to recognise or enforce the award.<\/p>\n<p>Article 1058 CPCA concerns only the setting aside of international awards rendered in Algeria and does not regulate the effect in Algeria of the annulment of a foreign award at its seat. For awards falling within the New York Convention, Article V(1)(e) provides that recognition and enforcement may be refused where the award has been set aside or suspended by a competent authority of the country in which, or under the law of which, it was made.<\/p>\n<p>A recent foreign decision involving Algeria is particularly relevant. In <em>Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Ciments de Zahana (SCIZ) v. ASEC Cement Company SAE, Paris Court of Appeal, November 4, 2025, No. RG 24\/01523<\/em>, the Court confirmed the <em>exequatur <\/em>in France of an ICC award rendered in Algiers on 13 January 2023.\u00a0 The decision shows that an award rendered in Algeria can be subjected to recognition and enforcement proceedings abroad while annulment proceedings were pursued at the seat.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Have there been any recent court decisions in your country considering the issue of corruption? What standard do local courts apply for proving corruption? Which party bears the burden of proving corruption?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>We are not aware of published Algerian decisions establishing a specific standard for proving corruption in arbitration.<\/p>\n<p>Corruption may nevertheless be relevant to the Algerian courts\u2019 public-order control of international awards, and criminal conduct may also engage the ordinary provisions of Algerian criminal law. The Algerian arbitration framework provides for judicial control of international awards on public-order grounds.<\/p>\n<p>In the absence of a specific arbitration rule allocating the burden, the party alleging corruption would ordinarily bear the burden of evidence; mere allegations would not suffice.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Has your country withdrawn from, or announced its intention to withdraw from, the Energy Charter Treaty?  What is the status of the sunset clause in your jurisdiction?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The question does not apply to Algeria.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Have there been any recent court decisions or legislative developments in your country with respect to intra-European investor-State arbitration, the Energy Charter Treaty, or the enforcement of intra-EU? Are there any pending decisions?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>We are not aware of any Algeria-specific developments in relation to intra-European investor-state arbitration or the Energy Charter Treaty. Algeria is not party to the Energy Charter Treaty and is therefore not directly concerned by this issue.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Have arbitral institutions in your country implemented reforms towards greater use of technology and a more cost-effective conduct of arbitrations? Have there been any recent developments regarding virtual hearings?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>No recent arbitral reform specifically dedicated to technology, online arbitration or virtual hearings has been identified in Algeria.<\/p>\n<p>The CACI Arbitration Rules in force do not expressly regulate remote or virtual hearings.<\/p>\n<p>Arbitration parties and tribunals may therefore address the issue through the arbitration agreement, applicable institutional rules or procedural directions.<\/p>\n<p>Recently, Algeria has developed the use of videoconferencing in judicial proceedings, including remote hearings and remote examination of witnesses, parties and experts (see Law No. 15-03 on the modernisation of justice, Articles 14-16 ; Law No. 25-14 introducing the new code of criminal procedure). This development forms part of the broader digitalisation of the Algerian justice system rather than a specific reform regarding arbitration.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Have there been any recent judicial and\/or legislative developments in your jurisdiction with regard to disputes involving ESG issues such as climate change, sustainability, social responsibility and\/or human rights?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>We have not identified any recent Algerian judicial or legislative development addressing ESG issues in the context of arbitration.<\/p>\n<p>Nevertheless, Algeria has an established statutory environmental and sustainable-development framework, including Law No. 03-10 of 2003 on environmental protection in the context of sustainable development and Law No. 04-20 of 2004 on the prevention of major risks and disaster management within sustainable development. Climate risks and environmental protection are expressly addressed within that framework.<\/p>\n<p>These laws pre-date the ESG terminology. They form part of the broader legal framework relevant to environmental protection, sustainability and risk management in Algeria.<\/p>\n<p>No recent Algerian court decision has been identified on the ESG issues.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Have any international economic sanctions regimes been implemented (either independently, or based on EU law) in your jurisdiction recently? Have there been any recent decisions in your country considering the impact of sanctions on international arbitration proceedings?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Algeria has recently strengthened its domestic framework implementing targeted financial sanctions arising principally from UN Security Council measures. For instance, Executive Decree No. 25-101 of 12 March 2025 sets out procedures for freezing and\/or seizing funds and implementing targeted financial sanctions pursuant to UN Security Council resolutions.<\/p>\n<p>EU sanctions do not automatically apply in Algeria as it is not a European member state.<\/p>\n<p>We have not identified any recent published Algerian judicial decision specifically considering the effect of international sanctions on arbitration proceedings.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Has your country enacted any regulation and\/or implemented any rules, guidlines or regulations regarding the use of artificial intelligence (AI), generative AI or large language models in the context of dispute resolution?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>To our knowledge, Algeria has not enacted arbitration-specific legislation, institutional rules or professional guidelines regulating the use of AI, generative AI or large language models in arbitration or other dispute-resolution proceedings.<\/p>\n<p>Algeria has nevertheless adopted broader digital-transformation initiatives and has been developing national AI capabilities (See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mpt.gov.dz\/algeria-at-the-forefront-of-ai-adoption-in-africa-a-strategic-vision-at-ministerial-summit\/\">communication of the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications in March 2025 concerning the adoption of AI<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>We have not identified any AI-specific guidance issued by Algerian authorities concerning the use of AI in arbitration or litigation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Are there any specific legal, institutional, or procedural frameworks in your jurisdiction governing the arbitration of digital asset or blockchain-related disputes?  Have there been any court decisions in your jurisdiction concerning the validity or enforceability of arbitration agreements incorporated into smart contracts or digital asset terms?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>To our knowledge, there is currently no specific Algerian institutional or procedural framework dedicated to the arbitration of blockchain, cryptocurrency or smart-contract disputes. We have not identified Algerian court decisions specifically addressing the validity or enforcement of an arbitration agreement incorporated into a smart contract or digital-asset terms.<\/p>\n<p>Algerian authorities tend to be more restrictive concerning virtual assets. Law No. 25-10 of 24 July 2025, amending and supplementing Law No. 05-01 on the prevention and combating of money laundering and terrorist financing, expressly defines \u2018virtual assets\u2019 as digital values capable of being digitally exchanged, transferred or used for payment or investment purposes.<\/p>\n<p>Law No. 25-10 prohibits the general use of virtual assets. This prohibition concerns the legality of the underlying virtual-asset activities and should be distinguished from the separate question of whether an arbitration agreement contained in a smart contract or digital-asset terms could, in the abstract, be valid and enforceable.<\/p>\n<p>We have not identified an Algerian court decision specifically addressing those issues.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n<div class=\"word-count-hidden\" style=\"display:none;\">Estimated word count: <span class=\"word-count\">8076<\/span><\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/ol>\r\n\r\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"\/wp-content\/themes\/twentyseventeen\/src\/jquery\/components\/filter-guides.js\" async><\/script><\/div>"}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comparative_guide\/152588","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comparative_guide"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/comparative_guide"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=152588"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}