{"id":148306,"date":"2026-09-03T12:43:25","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T12:43:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/?post_type=comparative_guide&#038;p=148306"},"modified":"2026-09-03T13:10:12","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T13:10:12","slug":"sweden-enforcement-of-judgments-in-civil-and-commercial-matters","status":"publish","type":"comparative_guide","link":"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/chapter\/sweden-enforcement-of-judgments-in-civil-and-commercial-matters\/","title":{"rendered":"Sweden: Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"template":"","class_list":["post-148306","comparative_guide","type-comparative_guide","status-publish","hentry","guides-enforcement-of-judgments-in-civil-and-commercial-matters","jurisdictions-sweden"],"acf":[],"appp":{"post_list":{"below_title":"<div class=\"guide-author-details\"><span class=\"guide-author\">GSA-Law<\/span><span class=\"guide-author-logo\"><img src=\"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1\/2026\/08\/Gamla-Strandgatan-Advokatbyra-Svart.jpg\"\/><\/span><\/div>"},"post_detail":{"above_title":"<div class=\"guide-author-details\"><span class=\"guide-author\">GSA-Law<\/span><span class=\"guide-author-logo\"><img src=\"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1\/2026\/08\/Gamla-Strandgatan-Advokatbyra-Svart.jpg\"\/><\/span><\/div>","below_title":"<span class=\"guide-intro\">This country specific Q&amp;A provides an overview of Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters laws and regulations applicable in Sweden<\/span><div class=\"guide-content\"><div class=\"filter\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"text\" placeholder=\"Search questions and answers...\" class=\"filter-container__search-field\">\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<ol class=\"custom-counter\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What international conventions, treaties or other arrangements apply to the enforcement of foreign judgments in your jurisdiction and in what circumstances do they apply?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Sweden is a Member State of the European Union (EU\u201d), meaning that enforcement of foreign judgments is primarily regulated by EU law. The Brussels I Regulation (Regulation (EU) No 1215\/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters) is of particular significance for the EU Member States and, thus, Sweden.<\/p>\n<p>Additional legal instruments of relevance for certain enforcement matters, including the relationship between Sweden and non-EU member states that is worth mentioning, are:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li>The Convention on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, also known as the 2007 Lugano Convention, which is closely related to the Brussel I Regulation and is applicable between the EU Member States and the EFTA countries (Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland).<\/li>\n<li>Regulation (EC) No 805\/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council 2004 creating a European Enforcement Order for uncontested claims. The aim of this regulation is to regulate cross-border enforcement of uncontested debt collection judgments, court settlements, and authentic instruments.<\/li>\n<li>EU Regulation 1896\/2006 on creating a European Order for Payment Procedure (2012), which applies to cross-border cases concerning the judicial recovery of uncontested pecuniary claims.<\/li>\n<li>Regulation (EC) No 861\/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a European Small Claims Procedure and amended by Regulation (EU) No 2015\/2421. The purpose of this regulation is to simplify the enforcement of judgements with claims not exceeding EUR 5,000.<\/li>\n<li>Convention of 30 June 2005 on Choice of Court Agreements, also known as the Hague Choice of Court Convention. This convention regulates enforcement of foreign judgments based on exclusive choice of courts agreements between parties that are residents in the Contracting States.<\/li>\n<li>Convention of 2 July 2019 on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Civil or Commercial Matters, also known as the Hague Judgments Convention. It exercises competence over all the matters governed by the Convention, between inter alia the EU Member States (except for Denmark) and third countries which have recognised the convention, such as the UK and Ukraine.<\/li>\n<li>Act (1977: 595) on the recognition and enforcement of Nordic judgments in the field of private law. This Swedish legislation is based on the Nordic Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Judgements in Civil Matters (1977) that governs the enforcement of judgments relating to claims under private law. However, the Nordic Convention is not usually applied as the Brussels I regulation and the Lugano Convention have priority over the Nordic Convention.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>In addition, Sweden has ratified several other international treaties, including the Convention of 15 November 1965 on the Service Abroad of Judicial and Extrajudicial Documents in Civil or Commercial Matters, also known as the 1965 Hague Convention, which simplifies and expedites the serving of judicial and extrajudicial documents to parties in another convention state. The Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, or the New York Convention of 1958, which contains provisions governing the enforcement of foreign arbitral awards, also applies in Sweden.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What, if any, reservations has your jurisdiction made to such treaties?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>In relation to the specific treaties mentioned above, Sweden has not made any reservations, only clarifications in relation to national law.<\/p>\n<p>On 11 June 2015, in accordance with Article 21 of the Hague Choice of Court Convention, the EU made a declaration that it, with certain exceptions, would not apply the Convention to insurance contracts.<\/p>\n<p>The EU, subject to Article 18 of the Hague Judgments Convention, declared on 29 September 2022 that it would not apply to non-residential leases (tenancies) of immovable property situated in the European Union.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Can foreign judgments be enforced in your jurisdiction where there is not a convention or treaty or other arrangement, e.g. under the general law?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>There is to some extent both domestic law and case law that can be applied to various specific foreign judgments regardless of the place of origin which are not directly based on international conventions and treaties. However, the possibilities to enforce foreign judgments in commercial matters in the absence of conventions or treaties are very limited. Hence, the accepted general rule is that such judgments are not possible to enforce in Sweden.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What basic criteria does a foreign judgment have to satisfy before it can be enforced in your jurisdiction? Is it limited to money judgments or does it extend to other forms of relief?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>As we touched on previously, judgments from the EU Member States, the EFTA members, 2005 and 2019 Hague Conventions parties and Nordic countries are enforceable in Sweden in accordance with the provisions set forth in these instruments and, thus, in essence do not require any further Swedish procedures. In addition to monetary claim judgments, it is also possible to enforce judgments ordering other forms of relief.<\/p>\n<p>Despite the fact that these judgments are in principle to be directly recognized and enforced, it is nevertheless conceivable for a party to request that recognition is to be refused, as well as for a party to request for a declaration that there are no grounds for refusal of recognition of the judgement. See more under question 5 below.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What is the procedure for enforcement of foreign judgments pursuant to such conventions, treaties or arrangements in your jurisdiction?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>In general, a party that is seeking the enforcement of a foreign judgment shall apply for a declaration of enforceability from the competent district court. If the Brussels I Regulation is applicable and the legal proceedings were commenced on or after 10 January 2015, the party makes the application directly to the Swedish Enforcement Agency. Upon fulfilment of the necessary formality requirements outlined in the applicable convention or treaty, the court shall declare the foreign judgment enforceable. The party against whom enforcement is sought is not a party to the proceedings at this stage and, hence, is not permitted to plead its case during this stage of the proceedings. The proceedings are conducted on an ex parte basis.<\/p>\n<p>Assuming the judgment is determined to be enforceable by the court, the declaration of enforceability must be served with the judgment to the debtor. The declaration of enforceability is at this stage possible to appeal. The appeal must be filed within one month of service of the declaration of enforceability to the district court.<\/p>\n<p>The district court does not have the power to carry out the execution of judgments that are deemed enforceable in Sweden. The execution of the foreign judgment is instead handled by the bailiff at the Swedish Enforcement Authority.<\/p>\n<p>Article 13 of the 2019 Hague Judgments Convention stipulates that, in general, the procedure for recognition, declaration of enforceability or registration for enforcement, and the enforcement of judgment are governed by the law of the requested State. Therefore, the procedure described above will be applicable also in relation to the Convention.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">If applicable, what is the procedure for enforcement of foreign judgments under the general law in your jurisdiction?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>See question 3 above.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What, if any, formal requirements do the courts of your jurisdiction impose upon foreign judgments before they can be enforced? For example, must the judgment be apostilled?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>In general, the foreign judgment must be enforceable in the country of its origin to have the same effect in Sweden. Moreover, requirements such as a certified translation, may also be applicable. The Swedish courts impose only those formality requirements as set forth in the relevant instrument, e.g., pursuant to Article 42 of the Brussels I Regulation. The general rule is that the judgment does not have to be apostilled, but a certified copy is usually required in Sweden.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">How long does it usually take to enforce or register a foreign judgment in your jurisdiction? Is there a summary procedure available?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>It usually takes a couple of months to receive the declaration of enforceability. If the decision is appealed, it may take over a year to receive a final decision. There is not really a summary procedure available apart from what is already stated in the treaties and conventions. (Naturally, the actual execution performed by the bailiff at the Swedish Enforcement Agency may take longer and its decisions may be appealed on in relation to, inter alia, the seizing of assets, etc.)<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Is it possible to obtain interim relief (e.g. an injunction to restrain disposal of assets) while the enforcement or registration procedure takes place?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>A party may apply for interim measures such as sequestration orders, suspension orders and other interim security measures in relation to the recognition and enforcement procedure.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What is the limitation period for enforcing a foreign judgment in your jurisdiction?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The limitation period in Sweden is typically ten years with the possibility to extend the period by giving notice to the designated party. In specific situations a shorter period may apply. There is also no set time limitation for the enforcement of foreign judgments under the Brussels I Regulation, Lugano Convention and 2005 and 2019 Hague Conventions.<\/p>\n<p>Article 13 of the 2019 Hague Convention covers the rules of the law of the requested State which stipulate a limitation period for enforcement of a judgment, unless the \u201cConvention provides otherwise\u201d. Since Article 4(3) of the Convention prescribes that the judgment \u201cshall be enforced only if it is enforceable in the State of origin\u201d, the limitation period for its enforcement in Sweden will depend on the relevant limitation period in the State where the judgment was made, thus it can be less than 10 years in particular cases. Article 4(3), however, does not preclude the requested State from refusing to enforce a foreign judgment if the applicable limitation period in the State of origin is longer than in the requested State, that is, more than 10 years in case of Sweden.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">On what grounds can the enforcement of foreign judgments be challenged in your jurisdiction?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>If any of the following conditions are met, refusal of recognition or enforcement may be considered if:<\/p>\n<p>a) The judgment violates the rule of law in Sweden (ordre public).<\/p>\n<p>b) The judgment conflicts with another judgment between the parties that has been ruled in another Member State.<\/p>\n<p>c) The defendant was not properly served, and the judgment was given in default of<\/p>\n<p>d) A provision in a treaty has not been fulfilled, for example the provisions on exclusive competence in the 2005 Hague Choice of Court Convention.<\/p>\n<p>In case the recognition and enforcement decision is sought under the 2019 Hague Judgments Convention, there might be additional grounds for postponement or refusal set out in Article 7 thereof.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Will the courts in your jurisdiction reconsider the merits of the judgment to be enforced?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>No, the courts will not reconsider the merits of the foreign judgment. However, in order to be able to assess, e.g., whether the judgment violates ordre public in Sweden pursuant to Article 45 of the Brussels I Regulation, the court may examine the merits of the foreign judgment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Will the courts in your jurisdiction examine whether the foreign court had jurisdiction over the defendant? If so, what criteria will they apply to this?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>If the enforceability of the foreign judgment is based on the Brussel I Regulation, Lugano Convention, the 2005 Hague Choice of Court Convention or the 2019 Hague Judgments Convention, the enforcing court may, under certain conditions and for specific sorts of disputes, examine whether the foreign court had jurisdiction to decide the case. If the court finds that the foreign court lacked jurisdiction, this could be a justification for not recognizing and declaring the judgment unenforceable. It is necessary to refer to the specific legislation applicable in each case because this will be determined by a variety of factors such as the type of dispute, the legal basis for enforceability and the individual facts in the case.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Do the courts in your jurisdiction impose any requirements on the way in which the defendant was served with the proceedings? Can foreign judgments in default be enforced?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>As a general rule the courts impose such requirements, and the court may dismiss an application for a declaration of enforceability if the defendant was not properly served. If the legal basis for the recognition and enforcement of a foreign judgment is the Lugano Convention, the Brussel I Regulation or the Hague Judgments Convention, the court can refuse enforcement of the judgment if the defendant was not served with a summons application or was served but not in an adequate and timely manner to enable the party to prepare its defence. The specific legislation of the jurisdiction where the judgment was decided will in general regulate how the summons application should and will be served.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Do the courts in your jurisdiction have a discretion over whether or not to recognise foreign judgments?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>No, not more than has already been stated (see, in particular, in respect to issues of ordre public).<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Are there any types of foreign judgment which cannot be enforced in your jurisdiction? For example can foreign judgments for punitive or multiple damages be enforced?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>As outlined in the general presumption above, any type of foreign judgment may be recognized and enforced in Sweden as such, and the court will not review the subject matter or merits of the case. The accepted general rule is that judgments ordering punitive or multiple damages can be enforced in Sweden.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Can enforcement procedures be started in your jurisdiction if there is a pending appeal in the foreign jurisdiction?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The general rule in Sweden is that a judgment does not need to be final in order for a party to commence enforcement proceedings. In general, if the applicable convention or treaty allows enforcement despite the existence of an appeal proceeding, such as the Brussels I Regulation, enforcement proceedings can be commenced. However, according to the 2005 Hague Choice of Court Convention, the opposite applies.<\/p>\n<p>Moreover, in case the 2019 Hague Judgments Convention applies, since the judgment cannot be enforced in the requested State if it is not enforceable in the State of origin (see Article 4(3)), the enforcement will not be performed in Sweden if the enforceability is suspended in the State of origin due to the pending appeal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Can you appeal a decision recognising or enforcing a foreign judgment in your jurisdiction?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Yes, the debtor will have one month, or two months if they reside outside of Sweden, to appeal the decision. See question 5 above.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Can interest be claimed on the judgment sum in your jurisdiction? If so on what basis and at what rate?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The enforcement of interest claims can only be enforced in Sweden to the extent the court of origin has stipulated in the judgment. If the judgment is silent on interest, then interest cannot be claimed on the judgment sum.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Do the courts of your jurisdiction require a foreign judgment to be converted into local currency for the purposes of enforcement?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The judgment debtor\u2019s payment in the currency stipulated in the judgment will always be accepted by the Swedish Enforcement Authority. Moreover, payment in any currency possible to convert, such as USD or EUR, will also be accepted.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Can the costs of enforcement (e.g. court costs, as well as the parties\u2019 costs of instructing lawyers and other professionals) be recovered from the judgment debtor in your jurisdiction?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>In most cases, the court will rule that the judgment debtor is responsible for paying the legal costs in the event the decision of enforcement is unsuccessfully appealed by the judgment debtor. As a general rule, it is not possible to recover other costs by lawyers and professionals. However, the work performed by the bailiff of the Swedish Enforcement Authority is free of charge, except for a minor registration fee.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Are third parties allowed to fund enforcement action in your jurisdiction? If so, are there any restrictions on this and can third party funders be made liable for the costs incurred by the other side?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Yes, third party funding is allowed and there are no restrictions. The third party will, as a general rule, not be liable for costs incurred by the judgment debtor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What do you think will be the most significant developments in the enforcement process in your jurisdiction in the next 5 years?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>It will be interesting to follow the development of the expected progress in the enforceability of judgments of courts from the UK and other states such as Ukraine in relation to the 2019 Hague Judgments Convention. I think the 2019 Hague Judgments Convention has the potential to create a universal mechanism of recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in civil and commercial matters, as compared to the geographically limited Brussels I Regulation. (In addition, it will be interesting to see if this will have an impact on arbitration clauses \u2013 which to some extent have been used to bridge potential enforceability problems in international contracts \u2013 in the future. However, in order to assess such a development, more than five years will most likely be needed.)<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Has your country ratified the Hague Choice of Courts Convention 2005, and if so when did it (or will it) come into force? If not, do you expect it to in the foreseeable future?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Yes, see above. Before the ratification, Swedish case law supported the main principles in the Convention.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Has your country ratified the Hague Judgments Convention 2019, and if so when did it (or will it) come into force? If not, do you expect it to in the foreseeable future?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Yes, see above.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n<div class=\"word-count-hidden\" style=\"display:none;\">Estimated word count: <span class=\"word-count\">2973<\/span><\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/ol>\r\n\r\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"\/wp-content\/themes\/twentyseventeen\/src\/jquery\/components\/filter-guides.js\" async><\/script><\/div>"}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comparative_guide\/148306","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comparative_guide"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/comparative_guide"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=148306"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}