{"id":146966,"date":"2026-08-11T09:35:38","date_gmt":"2026-08-11T09:35:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/?post_type=comparative_guide&#038;p=146966"},"modified":"2026-08-11T09:35:38","modified_gmt":"2026-08-11T09:35:38","slug":"indonesia-competition-litigation","status":"publish","type":"comparative_guide","link":"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/chapter\/indonesia-competition-litigation\/","title":{"rendered":"Indonesia: Competition Litigation"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"template":"","class_list":["post-146966","comparative_guide","type-comparative_guide","status-publish","hentry","guides-competition-litigation","jurisdictions-indonesia"],"acf":[],"appp":{"post_list":{"below_title":"<div class=\"guide-author-details\"><span class=\"guide-author\">Aldjufri Gill Priscilla Rizki (AGPR)<\/span><span class=\"guide-author-logo\"><img src=\"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1\/2026\/08\/AGPR-Logo-2026.jpg\"\/><\/span><\/div>"},"post_detail":{"above_title":"<div class=\"guide-author-details\"><span class=\"guide-author\">Aldjufri Gill Priscilla Rizki (AGPR)<\/span><span class=\"guide-author-logo\"><img src=\"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1\/2026\/08\/AGPR-Logo-2026.jpg\"\/><\/span><\/div>","below_title":"<span class=\"guide-intro\">This country specific Q&amp;A provides an overview of Competition Litigation laws and regulations applicable in Indonesia<\/span><div class=\"guide-content\"><div class=\"filter\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"text\" placeholder=\"Search questions and answers...\" class=\"filter-container__search-field\">\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<ol class=\"custom-counter\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What types of conduct and causes of action can be relied upon as the basis of a competition damages claim?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>A competition damages claim may be submitted to Indonesian Commission of Business Competition Supervisory (<em>Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha Indonesia (KPPU) <\/em>\u201c<strong>KPPU<\/strong> or <strong>Commission<\/strong>\u201d) by any person or business actor that suffers loss as a result of another business anti-competitive conducts. The relevant conduct may include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Prohibited agreements \u2013 include oligopoly arrangements, price fixing, cartels, price discrimination and any other agreements under Articles 4- 16 of Law Number 5 of 1999 on Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition as amended (the \u201c<strong>Competition Law<\/strong>\u201d);<\/li>\n<li>Prohibited activities \u2013 include monopoly, monopsony, predatory pricing and tender conspiracy under Articles 17-24 of Competition Law; or<\/li>\n<li>Abuse of dominant position \u2013 include market domination that creates unfair business competition, merger and acquisition resulting prohibited activities and dual position as director and\/or commissioner that creates prohibited activities\/ agreement under Articles 25 \u2013 29 Competition Law.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>KPPU may order an infringing business conduct to pay compensation. However, compensation is not awarded automatically upon establishing an infringement. The injured party must demonstrated the loss sufferred and casual connection between the infringement and that loss. In addition, where the relevant prohibition is subject to the rule-of-reason standard, it must also be established that the conduct had, or was capable of having, an anti-competitive effect.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What is required (e.g. in terms of procedural formalities and standard of pleading) in order to commence a competition damages claim?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>To commence a competition damages claim, the business actor shall submit a written report contains the identities of claimant, reported business conduct and witness, clear description of the alleged infringement, claim of compensation and other required information. Although no detailed pleading format is described, the report should identify and explain the anti-competitive effect and specify loss sufferred. KPPU will assess the report\u2019s completeness and the clarity of the alleged infringement. When the proceeding commenced, the report cannot be withdrawn and identity of claimant will no longer remain confidential.<\/p>\n<p>Separately, KPPU also may initiate an investigation on its own initiative without receiving a report. The information potential infringement of the Competition Law may originate from market or industry studies, monitoring of business conduct, merger notifications or other accountable information. This action is principally public enforcement proceeding.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What remedies are available to claimants in competition damages claims?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>KPPU is authorised to impose administrative sanctions against business actors proven to have infringed the Competition Law. The claimant may request KPPU to impose appropriate santions, including the cancellation of a prohibited agreement, an order to cease the prohibited activities and\/or abuse of dominant position, the cancellation of merger or acquisition, payment of compensation and\/or an administrative fines, depending on the nature and severity of the infringement. However, the impose of administrative sanctions by KPPU does not preclude the imposition of any applicable criminal sanctions, which must be pursued separately through criminal proceedings, for example tender conspiracy in government public procurement relates to corruption\/ bribery.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What is the measure of damages? To what extent is joint and several liability recognised in competition damages claims? Are there any exceptions (e.g. for leniency applicants)?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>In cartel or price fixing case before KPPU, damages are limited to the claimant\u2019s proven actual loss. For purchaser, this would be ordinarily be the overcharge, the difference between the price actually paid and the competitive or \u201cbut-for\u201d price multiplied by affected quantity, together with any directly caused and proven consequential loss, see Honda-Yamaha Scooter price fixing case and tyre cartel case. KPPU\u2019s relevant market analysis determines the affected products, territory, period and transactions, however it does not establish the amount of damages.<\/p>\n<p>Indonesian decisions have not estabished a specific rule of joint and several liability. KPPU has instead imposed sanctions separately on each cartel participant. In addition, Indonesia also has no formal leniency programme granting immunity from damages, although cooperation may be considered in determining administrative sanctions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What are the relevant limitation periods for competition damages claims? How can they be suspended or interrupted?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The Competetition Law does not regulate specific period to limit for competition damages claim. KPPU must commence initial assessment within thirty (30) days as of the receiving date of report from claimant. The result from such initial assessment will determine whether KPPU requires further assessment or cease the potential case.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Which local courts and\/or tribunals deal with competition damages claims?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>All competition damages claim is conducted in headquarter office of KPPU proceeding and KPPU will issue the verdict based on the further assessment proceeding. The verdict\u00a0 can be appealed within fourteen (14) days as of the notification date to the commercial court. The verdict by Commercial Court could be appealed within fourteen (14) days to the Supreme Court.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">How does the court determine whether it has jurisdiction over a competition damages claim?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><ul>\n<li>Competition law violations are primarily investigated and adjudicated by the Commission, which has exclusive jurisdiction to examine and decide competition law cases, as its authority determined under Art 36 Competition Law and Presidential Regulation Number 100 of 2024 on Commission of Business Competition Supervisory;<\/li>\n<li>Courts do not have original jurisdiction to determine competition law violations, except where: (i) criminal offences arise in connection with Commission proceedings (e.g., obstruction of an investigation or failure to comply with certain statutory obligations); or (ii) an injured party files a civil claims for damages based on a tort before the District Court at the legal and business domicile of the relevant business actors. The rest of the procedures for civil claims are determined under Indonesian civil procedural law and separated from competition damages aspects.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">How does the court determine what law will apply to the competition damages claim?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Competition law infringements are governed primarily by the Competition Law and its implementing regulations. Other than the provisions in the Competition Law, KPPU does not have authority to examine and proceeds the claim. KPPU will determine the claim based on the result of initial assessment.<\/p>\n<p>In the Commercial Court and Supreme Court level, the court also shall use and refer to the Competition Law. Where criminal offences arise in connection with the claim (such as obstruction of an investigation or failure to comply with statutory obligations) the relevant provisions of the Indonesian Criminal Code and other applicable criminal legislation may also apply.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What is the applicable standard of proof?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The Competition Law specifies the admissible forms of evidence that may be relied upon by the Commission\/ court, namely witness testimony, expert testimony, letters\/ correspondences and any documents, indications, and statements of business actors. However, there is no standard proof applies the same for all claims.<\/p>\n<p>In relation to the cartel or price fixing cases, the proof may include the indication of escalation price agreed among business actors, whether through an association or direct communications and agreed among the businesses.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">To what extent are local courts bound by the infringement decisions of (domestic or foreign) competition authorities?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>KPPU\u2019s decision are binding unless an objection (<em>keberatan<\/em>) is filed with the competent Commercial Court within 14 days of notification of the decision. Such decision by KPPU only apply within Indonesia. If no objection is filed within the prescribed period, the KPPU\u2019s decision becomes final and binding (<em>inkracht<\/em>) and may be enforced upon an execution order issued by the Indonesia Commercial Court.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">To what extent can a private damages action proceed while related public enforcement action is pending? Is there a procedure permitting enforcers to stay a private action while the public enforcement action is pending?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>A private damages action may, in principle, proceed before the district court while a related KPPU investigation or enforcement proceeding is pending. Neither KPPU nor another public enforcer has authority under the Competition Law to order the civil court to stay the private action. The civil court may, as a matter of judicial case management, adjourn proceedings or await KPPU outcome where it considers the infringement findings material to the damage claim.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What, if any, mechanisms are available to aggregate competition damages claims (e.g. class actions, assignment\/claims vehicles, or consolidation of claims through case management)? What, if any, threshold criteria have to be met?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>For the competition damages claims, the Competition Law does not provide a specific collective mechanism. Each claimant must establish its own actual loss and causation. However, KPPU may investigate several complaints concerning the same conduct within one proceeding.<\/p>\n<p>Other than the above, KPPU may initiate investigation on its own initiative where suspected the prohibited conduct affects market or the public generally, including conduct causing aggregate consumer harm. However, such proceedings constitute public enforcement and do not automatically aggregate individual damages claims or permit KPPU to award compensation to unindetified consumers.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Are there any defences (e.g. pass on) which are unique to competition damages cases? Which party bears the burden of proof?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The Competition Law does not expressly recognise any defence that is unique to competition damages claim. If raised, it may most likely to be treated as an issue concerning causation and quantification of the actual loss. The claimant must prove the infringement. The defendant may argue that the claimant did not actually suffer all or part of the alleged loss because the claimant passed the overcharge on to its customer. In such condition, the defendant bears the burden of proving the factual basis on that defence the claimant has passed the overcharge to the customers.<\/p>\n<p>The above position should be distinguished from KPPU public enforcement proceedings. In that case, KPPU investigators bears the primary burden of proving the alleged infringement through the recognised evidence. The reported party bears the burden of establishing facts relied upon specifically to rebut investigator\u2019s case or support an affirmative defence.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Is expert evidence permitted in competition litigation, and, if so, how is it used? Is the expert appointed by the court or the parties and what duties do they owe?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Expert evidence is permitted and regulated as part of evidence under the Competition Law. An expert\u00a0 An expert may provide opinions based on their expertise and\/or experience, either orally (under oath or affirmation) or in writing. Written expert opinions are treated as documentary evidence. The expert must have relevant expertise, certification and\/or experience in the subject matter. The expert may be appointed by the Commission, the claimant or the defendant.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Describe the trial process. Who is the decision-maker at trial? How is evidence dealt with? Is it written or oral, and what are the rules on cross-examination?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Competition cases are investigated by KPPU\u2019s investigators before being heard by a panel of commissioners, which acts as the decision-maker. The examination generally consists of a preliminary examination followed, where necessary, by a further examination. In certain circumstances, KPPU may conduct an expedited examination, including where the reported business actor admits the infringement or in other cases approved by KPPU.<\/p>\n<p>Evidence may be presented in both written and oral forms, including witness testimony, expert testimony, documents, indications and statements of business actors. Witnesses and experts may be examined during the hearing. The applicable regulations do not provide for cross-examination in the common law sense, although the parties may respond to and challenge the evidence presented during the proceedings.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">How long does it typically take from commencing proceedings to get to trial? Is there an appeal process? How many levels of appeal are possible?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Following the commencement of proceedings, KPPU must conduct a preliminary examination (<em>Pemeriksaan Pendahuluan<\/em>) and, within 30 days of receiving the complaint, determine whether a further examination (<em>Pemeriksaan Lanjutan<\/em>) is required (Article 39 of Competition Law).<\/p>\n<p>Where a further examination is ordered, KPPU must complete the examination within 60 days, which may be extended once for a further 30 days if necessary. Following the completion of the further examination, the Commission must issue its decision within 30 days as to whether a violation of the Competition Law has occurred. The Commission\u2019s decision is announced in a public hearing and notified to the reported business actor.<\/p>\n<p>A business actor may challenge the Commission\u2019s decision by filing an objection (<em>keberatan<\/em>) with the competent Commercial Court within 14 days of receiving notification of the decision. The Commercial Court must examine the objection within 14 days of its receipt. A party that is dissatisfied with the Commercial Court\u2019s decision may further appeal to the Supreme Court by way of cassation within 14 days of the Commercial Court\u2019s decision. Where no objection is filed within the prescribed period, the Commission\u2019s decision becomes final and binding and may be enforced to the relevant party.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Do leniency recipients receive any benefit in the damages litigation context?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The Competition Law does not recognise a formal leniency programme that grants immunity from, or limits, civil liability in damages proceedings. Accordingly, there are no specific rules providing any benefit to leniency recipients in the context of competition damages claims.<\/p>\n<p>Instead, KPPU Regulation 2\/2023 provides a \u201cBehavioural Change\u201d (<em>Perubahan Perilaku<\/em>) mechanism, under which a respondent that acknowledges the alleged infringement may apply to the KPPU to implement corrective measures, including cancelling the prohibited agreement, ceasing the infringing conduct or abuse of dominance, and paying administrative fines and\/or compensation arising from the infringement. The KPPU panel may approve the application after considering, among other things, the nature of the infringement, the losses caused, the respondent\u2019s proposed commitments, and supporting evidence.<\/p>\n<p>Where the respondent fully complies with the approved commitments, the KPPU may terminate the proceedings. However, the Behavioural Change mechanism is distinct from a leniency programme and does not provide immunity from, or any limitation of, civil damages liability. Accordingly, respondents who benefit from the Behavioural Change mechanism do not receive any specific advantage in subsequent competition damages proceedings.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">How does the court approach the assessment of loss in competition damages cases? Are \u201cumbrella effects\u201d recognised? Is any particular economic methodology favoured by the court?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The court approach on the assessment of loss is conducted based on the proven loss by legitimate evidence provided by the claimant. The past cases, KPPU only accepted the proven historical losses and rejected the claimed projected profits.<\/p>\n<p>Umbrella effects are not expressly recognised under the Competition Law. However, the claimant may seek compensation with the proven actual loss and a direct causal link between the cartel and the price charged independently by a non-cartel supplier.<\/p>\n<p>Under KPPU Regulation Number 2\/2023, economic evidence constitutes a form of indication (<em>petunjuk<\/em>) and may comprise economic theories supported by quantitative and\/or qualitative data processing and analysis. No particular economic methodology is prescribed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">How is interest calculated in competition damages cases?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Neither the Competition Law nor its implementing regulations prescribe a specific regime for the calculation of interest on competition damages. The applicable rules provide for compensation based on proven actual loss and administrative fines, but do not regulate the award or calculation of interest.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Can a defendant seek contribution or indemnity from other defendants? On what basis is liability allocated between defendants?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The Competition Law does not specifically regulate on contribution or indemnity between co-defendants. A KPPU decision will typically impose compensation and\/or fines directly to each reported party found to have committed an infringement.<\/p>\n<p>If co-defendants have entered into specific agreement on indemnity or contribution, they may enforce such arrangement or in the event of dispute, pursue resolution through non-competition litigation proceedings.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">In what circumstances, if any, can a competition damages claim be disposed of (in whole or in part) without a full trial?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>A competition case may be disposed of without a full examination in limited circumstances. During the initial investigation, KPPU may discontinue the case where the report is incomplete or falls outside the KPPU\u2019s jurisdiction.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What, if any, mechanism is available for the collective settlement of competition damages claims? Can such settlements include parties outside of the jurisdiction?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Indonesian competition law does not provide any collective settlement mechanism for competition damages claims. Likewise, there are no privisions addressing cross-border settlements involving parties outside Indonesia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What are the rules for disclosure of documents (including documents from the competition authority file or from other third parties)? Are there any exceptions (e.g. on grounds of privilege or confidentiality, or in respect of leniency or settlement materials)?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Documentary evidence may include authentic deeds, private deeds, official decisions, business records, written witness\/expert statements, electronic information and documents, and other relevant documents (Article 11 para (1) Commission Regulation 2\/2023). KPPU may designate certain documents as confidential, such as: (i) identity of the complainant; (ii) documents containing business information; (iii) investigation records of a respondent who is a competitor of another respondent in the same case; and (iv) other information designated as confidential by the Commission panel (Article 11 para (8) Commission Regulation 2\/2023).<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What procedures, if any, are available to protect confidential or proprietary information disclosed during the court process?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>During proceedings before the KPPU, certain information may be treated as confidential. The KPPU panel has the discretion to determine such thing, and no specific procedures are governed in public regulation. Accordingly, the protection of confidential or proprietary information is limited to information designated as confidential by the KPPU panel.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Can litigation costs (e.g. legal, expert and court fees) be recovered from the other party? If so, how are costs calculated, and are there any circumstances in which costs recovery can be limited?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The Competition Law only provides that KPPU has authority to order a proven reported party to pay compensation. In the absence of clear formula for calculating compensation, it remains unclear whether the litigation costs may be included in determining its value. KPPU will only recognise and accept proven actual losses incurred by the claimant as the basis for establishing the compensation amount.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Are third parties permitted to fund competition litigation? If so, are there any restrictions on this, and can third party funders be made liable for the other party\u2019s costs? Are lawyers permitted to act on a contingency or conditional fee basis?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The Competition Law and Indonesia advocate law does not specifically regulate or prohbit third parties litigation funding. However, the lawyer must act under professional independence and ethically compliant. A funder that is not a party to the proceedings would not ordinarily be liable for the opposing party\u2019s cost.<\/p>\n<p>Lawyer may act on a contigency or conditional fee basis cost to the extent that the arrangement must be reasonable and does not create impermissible conflict of interest or amount to guarantee that the case will succeed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What, in your opinion, are the main obstacles to litigating competition damages claims?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The principal obstacle is that Indonesia remains a predominantly public enforcement jurisdiction. As explained in the above answers, competition law infringements are investigated and adjudicated primarily by KPPU, which bears the responsibility for establishing the infringement during the administrative proceedings. While compensation may be awarded by KPPU or pursued subsequently before the competent court on the basis of a final Commission decision, there remains limited judicial practice concerning standalone or follow-on private competition damages claims. As a result, the procedural framework and judicial approach to such claims continue to develop.<\/p>\n<p>Another practical challenge concerns the protection of confidential information. Albeit Commission Regulation 2\/2023 permits the Commission panel to designate certain data and information as confidential, the decision largely remainss subject to the Commission panel\u2019s discretion on a case-by-case basis. This may create uncertainty for parties, particularly in light of the enactment of the Personal Data Protection Law, which has strengthened Indonesia\u2019s legal framework for the protection of personal data while its interaction with competition proceedings continues to evolve.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, the Competition Law does not comprehensively regulate a number of issues commonly addressed in private enforcement regimes, including the methodology for assessing damages, the allocation of liability among multiple infringes, disclosure of evidence, or any specific procedural rules governing private competition damages claims. Consequently, a number of substantive and procedural aspects of competition damages claims remain subject to the Commission\u2019s interpretation and practice, resulting in a degree of legal uncertainty for both claimants and respondents.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What, in your opinion, are likely to be the most significant developments affecting competition litigation in the next five years?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Competition proceeding in Indonesia is likely to be shaped by the continued development of the Commission\u2019s enforcement framework and the rapid expansion of the digital economy. As digital commerce, online platforms, digital payment systems, and data-driven business models continue to grow, competition issues arising from digital markets are predicted to become increasingly prominent. This is likely to result in greater regulatory scrutiny of digital businesses and a corresponding increase in competition-related investigations and proceeding.<\/p>\n<p>At the same time, the Commission is expected to continue modernising Indonesia\u2019s competition law regime through implementing regulations. Recent developments include Commission Regulation Number 1 of 2022 on Business Competition Compliance Programs, Commission Regulation 2\/2023, and the revised framework for criminal offence during examination in Article 41 Competition Law. These measures demonstrate the Commission\u2019s continuing efforts to enhance procedural clarity and strengthen competition law enforcement.<\/p>\n<p>Looking ahead, further legislative refoem of the Competition Law may also contribute to the development of a more comprehensive competition proceeding framework. In particular, greater procedural guidance on issues such as private damages claims, disclosure of evidence, confidentiality, and the assessment of damages would provide increased legal certainty for businesses and may encourage a gradual expansion of private competition proceeding alongside the Commission\u2019s public enforcement activities.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n<div class=\"word-count-hidden\" style=\"display:none;\">Estimated word count: <span class=\"word-count\">3662<\/span><\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/ol>\r\n\r\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"\/wp-content\/themes\/twentyseventeen\/src\/jquery\/components\/filter-guides.js\" async><\/script><\/div>"}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comparative_guide\/146966","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comparative_guide"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/comparative_guide"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=146966"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}