{"id":143994,"date":"2026-07-10T11:10:33","date_gmt":"2026-07-10T11:10:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/?post_type=comparative_guide&#038;p=143994"},"modified":"2026-07-10T11:10:33","modified_gmt":"2026-07-10T11:10:33","slug":"ukraine-litigation","status":"publish","type":"comparative_guide","link":"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/chapter\/ukraine-litigation\/","title":{"rendered":"Ukraine: Litigation"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"template":"","class_list":["post-143994","comparative_guide","type-comparative_guide","status-publish","hentry","guides-litigation","jurisdictions-ukraine"],"acf":[],"appp":{"post_list":{"below_title":"<div class=\"guide-author-details\"><span class=\"guide-author\">AMV Law Offices<\/span><span class=\"guide-author-logo\"><img src=\"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1\/2026\/06\/Master-Logo-Teal-1.jpg\"\/><\/span><\/div>"},"post_detail":{"above_title":"<div class=\"guide-author-details\"><span class=\"guide-author\">AMV Law Offices<\/span><span class=\"guide-author-logo\"><img src=\"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1\/2026\/06\/Master-Logo-Teal-1.jpg\"\/><\/span><\/div>","below_title":"<span class=\"guide-intro\">This country specific Q&amp;A provides an overview of Litigation laws and regulations applicable in Ukraine<\/span><div class=\"guide-content\"><div class=\"filter\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"text\" placeholder=\"Search questions and answers...\" class=\"filter-container__search-field\">\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<ol class=\"custom-counter\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What are the main methods of resolving disputes in your jurisdiction?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Litigation before the commercial courts is the principal forum for business-to-business disputes. Where the parties prefer a private forum, they may agree to arbitration, which takes two forms in Ukraine: (i) domestic arbitration; and (ii) international commercial arbitration. Both are subject to the exceptions in Article 22 of the Commercial Procedure Code (the CPC), under which corporate, IP-registration, insolvency and certain other disputes are mainly non-arbitrable.<\/p>\n<p>Parties may also resolve disputes by mediation under the Mediation Law of 2021, or through judge-assisted settlement before the merits stage (Articles 186-189 of the CPC). The CPC further allows the parties to submit their dispute to a foreign court (Article 23).<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What are the main procedural rules governing litigation in your jurisdiction?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The CPC is the principal procedural instrument for commercial disputes. Where a ratified international treaty conflicts with domestic procedural rules, the treaty prevails (Article 3(2) of the CPC).<\/p>\n<p>Recognition and enforcement of foreign court judgments, and of international arbitral awards, are governed by the Civil Procedure Code (the CivPCU).<\/p>\n<p>Further instruments apply depending on the nature of the matter: (i) the Bankruptcy Procedures Code governs insolvency proceedings; (ii) the Civil Code sets the limitation periods; (iii) the Law on Court Fees fixes the court fees payable; (iv) the Conflicts of Laws Law (the CLL) determines the applicable law and jurisdiction in a dispute with foreign element; and (v) the Enforcement Proceedings Law governs the post-judgment enforcement of awards and decisions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What is the structure and organisation of local courts dealing with claims in your jurisdiction? What is the final court of appeal?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The system has three tiers: local commercial courts, appellate commercial courts, and the Commercial Court of Cassation within the Supreme Court (Articles 24-26 of the CPC).<\/p>\n<p>A High Court on Intellectual Property has been established to hear IP disputes at first instance (Article 3(4) of the CPC), but it is not yet operational and those matters currently remain with the commercial courts.<\/p>\n<p>Cases at first instance are heard by a single judge, although a three-judge panel may be constituted in complex cases. Appeals are heard by a panel of three judges. At the cassation level, cases are examined by a panel of three or more judges, always constituted in an odd number.<\/p>\n<p>For domestic arbitration, the appellate commercial court sits as a court of first instance for setting-aside applications and for the issue of enforcement orders (Article 24(2) of the CPC), whereas for international commercial arbitration those applications fall within the jurisdiction of the general (civil) courts under the CivPCU.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">How long does it typically take from commencing proceedings to get to trial in your jurisdiction?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The CPC distinguishes between two procedural tracks: (i) simplified, and (ii) general. Under the simplified procedure, cases are decided on the available materials without a hearing unless a party requests one, and must be resolved within 60 days of the opening of proceedings (Articles 248(1), 252 of the CPC). Under the general procedure, the preparatory stage must conclude within 60 days of the opening of proceedings, extendable by up to 30 days (Article 177(3) of the CPC), and the merits hearing must then be decided within 30 days of its commencement (Article 195(2) of the CPC).<\/p>\n<p>In practice, however, these nominal limits are rarely met. Owing to court workloads and frequent adjournments, a first-instance commercial case commonly takes six to twelve months to judgment, and considerably longer if appealed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Are hearings held in public and are documents filed at court available to the public in your jurisdiction? Are there any exceptions?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Hearings are oral and open by default (Article 8(1) of the CPC). Any person may attend an open hearing, and the media may record proceedings without the court\u2019s permission (Article 8(2), (5) of the CPC). The court may order a closed hearing where an open hearing would disclose state or other legally protected secrets, or to protect private and family life (Article 8(8) of the CPC).<\/p>\n<p>Judgments are delivered publicly and published in the Unified State Register of Court Decisions with personal data redacted; however, the names of the parties may remain accessible on the website of the Judicial Authority of Ukraine. Case files are accessible to the parties to the proceedings.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What, if any, are the relevant limitation periods in your jurisdiction?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Limitation is a matter of substantive law governed by the Civil Code. The general limitation period is three years (Article 257). Shorter one-year periods apply to specified categories of claim, such as contractual penalties and defects in works (Article 258). The parties may extend a limitation period by agreement but may not shorten it (Article 259).<\/p>\n<p>Limitation is not applied by the court of its own motion; it must be raised by a party before the first-instance court issues its decision on the merits (Article 267(3).<\/p>\n<p>In the arbitration context, an application to set aside an arbitral award must be filed within three months of receipt of the award. If a party has sought a correction, interpretation, or additional award, the period runs from the tribunal\u2019s decision on that request (Article 454(6) of the CivPCU). For recognition and enforcement of a foreign arbitral award, the CivPCU provides a limitation period of three years running from the date the award was rendered (Article 475(3) of the CivPCU).<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What, if any, are the pre-action conduct requirements in your jurisdiction and what, if any, are the consequences of non-compliance?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>There is no general mandatory pre-action conduct requirement in commercial litigation. Parties take pre-trial steps either by agreement or where the law makes them compulsory (Article 19 of the CPC). Pre-action claim procedures exist only in limited sectors, most notably carriage of goods, where the Civil Code states that a claim may be addressed to the carrier before the lawsuit (Article 925(1) of the Civil Code).<\/p>\n<p>At the same time, non-compliance with a contractual or voluntary pre-action step does not bar access to the court, the right to which is guaranteed (Article 4 of the CPC). A party\u2019s pre-action conduct and its efforts to settle are, however, taken into account when costs are allocated (Article 129(5) of the CPC).<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">How are proceedings commenced in your jurisdiction? Is service necessary and, if so, is this done by the court (or its agent) or by the parties?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Proceedings are commenced by filing a statement of claim and paying the court fee (Article 162-164 of the CPC). Before submitting a statement of claim to the court, the claimant must send it to the respondent (and third parties) either by post or electronically (Article 172 of the CPC). The court opens proceedings within five days (Article 176(1) of the CPC).<\/p>\n<p>Service of the court\u2019s summonses or judgments is effected by the court (Articles 120, 242 of the CPC); registered users are served electronically through the Unified Judicial Information and Telecommunication System, while service abroad follows the applicable treaty or, failing that, diplomatic channels (Articles 120, 242, 367 of the CPC).<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">How does the court determine whether it has jurisdiction over a claim in your jurisdiction?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The claimant must identify and apply to the court with proper subject-matter and territorial jurisdiction. The court then verifies jurisdiction based on the claim as filed. Where it finds that the matter falls within the territorial jurisdiction of another court, it must transfer the case to that court (Article 31 of the CPC). Where subject-matter jurisdiction is lacking, the court must refuse to open proceedings and direct the claimant to the court of competent jurisdiction (Article 175 of the CPC).<\/p>\n<p>Subject-matter jurisdiction of the commercial courts is defined by Article 20 of the CPC. Broadly, these are disputes arising from business activities between legal entities and\/or entrepreneurs, as well as corporate, securities, competition, insolvency, and certain other matters. Territorial jurisdiction is, as a general rule, determined by the respondent\u2019s registered office or place of residence (Article 27 of the CPC). The claimant may, however, elect an alternative venue (Article 29 of the CPC), while certain categories of disputes, including those concerning real property, corporate matters, and contracts of carriage, are subject to exclusive jurisdiction rules (Article 30 of the CPC).<\/p>\n<p>Exclusive jurisdiction of the Ukrainian courts is also prescribed for certain categories of disputes involving a foreign element, including disputes concerning immovable property situated in Ukraine; certain family and inheritance matters; disputes relating to the registration of intellectual property rights in Ukraine; challenges to entries in Ukrainian state registries; the insolvency of entities incorporated under Ukrainian law; and the issuance or cancellation of securities issued in Ukraine (Article 77 of the CLL).<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">How does the court determine which law governs the claims in your jurisdiction?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>For purely domestic disputes, the courts apply Ukrainian law. Ukrainian courts apply foreign law where provided for by Ukrainian statute or a ratified international treaty (Article 11(5) of the \u0421PC).<\/p>\n<p>Where a dispute has a foreign element, the applicable law is also determined in accordance with the CLL. The parties\u2019 choice of law is respected (Article 5 of the CLL). If the choice is absent, the law of closest connection applies.<\/p>\n<p>Overriding mandatory rules of Ukrainian law apply regardless of the law otherwise governing the dispute (Article 14(1)). Ukrainian public policy operates as a separate limit: foreign law shall be excluded to the extent that its application would be manifestly incompatible with the fundamental principles of the Ukrainian legal order. The law of the closest connection shall then apply, or failing that, Ukrainian law (Article 12).<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">In what circumstances, if any, can claims be disposed of without a full trial in your jurisdiction?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Undisputed monetary claims may be pursued by order proceedings, with the court issuing an order without a hearing (Articles 147-152 of the CPC). Small or low-complexity claims proceed under simplified rules and are frequently decided in writing without a hearing (Articles 12, 247-252 of the CPC).<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What, if any, are the main types of interim remedies available in your jurisdiction?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>On a party\u2019s application the court may secure a claim, before suit or at any stage of proceedings, where inaction would make enforcement or effective protection significantly harder or impossible (Article 136 of the CPC). The available measures include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>attachment of property or funds;<\/li>\n<li>prohibitions restraining the respondent or third parties from actions that could affect the subject of the dispute;<\/li>\n<li>prohibitions restraining third parties from transferring property, making payments, or performing obligations in favour of the respondent;<\/li>\n<li>suspension of recovery under an enforcement document;<\/li>\n<li>suspension of a sale of property when ownership of that property is disputed in court;<\/li>\n<li>suspension of customs clearance of goods suspected of infringing intellectual property rights; and<\/li>\n<li>arrest of a ship for a maritime claim (Article 137 of the CPC).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The court may order the applicant to provide counter-security (Article 141 of the CPC). Where the applicant files a motion for interim measures, the claim must be generally filed within ten days (Article 138(3) of the CPC).<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">After a claim has been commenced, what written documents must (or can) the parties submit in your jurisdiction? What is the usual timetable?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Parties usually submit: (i) the statement of claim, (ii) the statement of defence, (iii) the reply, and (iv) the rejoinder. A third party may file written observations (Article 161 of the CPC). The statement of defence is filed within a period set by the court, of not less than 15 days from service of the ruling on opening the proceedings (Article 165(8) of the CPC). The reply and rejoinder follow within periods established by the court (Articles 166-167 of the CPC).<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What, if any, are the rules for disclosure of documents in your jurisdiction? Are there any exceptions (e.g. on grounds of privilege, confidentiality or public interest)?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Ukraine does not have a broad discovery or disclosure process of the kind found in common law systems. Each party is required to submit evidence together with its substantive pleadings (Article 80 of the CPC). Where a party is unable to obtain a document itself, it may apply for a court order requiring production by a party or third party (Article 81 of the CPC). Unjustified non-compliance with such an order may lead the court to draw adverse inferences (Article 81(10) of the CPC). The court may also order the production of evidence, either before or after the filing of the claim, as a measure to preserve evidence (Articles 110-112 of the CPC).<\/p>\n<p>Only licensed advocates may provide legal assistance as independent practitioners. Communications between a client and their advocate in connection with the provision of legal assistance are protected by legal privilege, and persons subject to the duty of confidentiality may not be examined as witnesses in respect of such privileged communications (Article 67(1)(2) of the CPC). Other categories of confidential information, including matters protected as secret by law and matters of personal or family life, are safeguarded primarily through the court&#8217;s power to conduct a closed hearing (Article 8(8) of the CPC).<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">How is witness evidence dealt with in your jurisdiction (and in particular, do witnesses give oral and\/or written evidence and what, if any, are the rules on cross-examination)? Are depositions permitted?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Witness testimony is admissible in Ukrainian litigation. Facts which, by law or established business custom, must be recorded in documents cannot be proved by witness evidence alone (Article 87(2) of the CPC). A witness first gives evidence in a written witness statement filed within the time limit for submitting evidence (Article 88 of the CPC), <em>i.e.<\/em>, together with the party&#8217;s initial substantive pleading.<\/p>\n<p>The court calls a witness to give oral evidence only where the written statement conflicts with other evidence or gives rise to doubt as to its content (Article 89(1) of the CPC). The order summoning the witness must caution them as to their criminal liability for knowingly false testimony (Article 89(3) of the CPC).<\/p>\n<p>Oral examination takes place only by order of the court, and each witness is examined separately (Article 211(1),(2) of the CPC). The party at whose request the witness was called examines the witness first, followed by the other participants, and the judges may put questions at any stage (Article 211(4),(5) of the CPC). A witness may be re-examined or examined simultaneously with another witness to resolve discrepancies in their accounts (Article 211(9) of the CPC). Hearsay evidence is not taken into account (Article 87(4) of the CPC).<\/p>\n<p>Separately, a party may submit up to ten written questions to another participant in the proceedings on matters relevant to the case. The recipient must provide a full answer to each question in the form of a witness statement (Article 90 of the CPC).<\/p>\n<p>Depositions in the common law sense are not available under Ukrainian procedural law.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Is expert evidence permitted in your jurisdiction? If so, how is it dealt with (and in particular, are experts appointed by the court or the parties, and what duties do they owe)?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Expert evidence is permitted. An expert opinion may be commissioned by a party or ordered by the court (Article 98(3) of the CPC). An expert opinion must be in writing (Article 98(4) of the CPC). The court appoints an expert where specialist, non-legal knowledge is indispensable to establish the relevant facts (Article 99 of the CPC). \u00a0The expert&#8217;s opinion must state that the expert has been cautioned as to their liability for a knowingly false opinion and, where appointed by the court, also for unjustified refusal to discharge their duties (Article 98(7) of the CPC). A \u201clegal expert opinion\u201d, for example on foreign law, is admissible, but it does not bind the court (Articles 108-109 of the CPC).<\/p>\n<p>The expert must provide a reasoned and objective written opinion, appear before the court upon summons, explain the opinion, and answer questions from the court and the parties. Unless the parties object, the expert may participate by videoconference (Article 69(3),(4) of the CPC).<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Can final and interim decisions be appealed in your jurisdiction? If so, to which court(s) and within what timescale?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Both final and specific interim decisions may be challenged.<\/p>\n<p>An appeal lies to the appellate commercial court within 20 days of a judgment (a final decision on the merits of the case), or within 10 days of a ruling (an interim decision on the case), such periods running from the date of pronouncement or, where only the operative part was announced, from service of the full text (Article 256 of the CPC). Article 255(1) of the CPC sets out which rulings of the first instance court may be appealed separately from final judgments.<\/p>\n<p>Cassation lies to the Supreme Court within 20 days (Article 288 of the CPC), but only on limited grounds, mainly the misapplication of law contrary to, or in the absence of, a relevant Supreme Court precedent (Article 287(2) of the CPC).<\/p>\n<p>A judgment that has taken effect may also be reviewed for newly discovered or exceptional circumstances (Articles 320-325 of the CPC).<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What are the rules governing enforcement of foreign judgments in your jurisdiction?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Recognition and enforcement of foreign court judgments fall within the jurisdiction of the general (civil) courts. A foreign judgment is recognised and enforced where this is provided for by a treaty binding on Ukraine, or on the basis of reciprocity, which is presumed unless the contrary is shown (Article 462 of the CivPCU).<\/p>\n<p>Since 1 September 2023, the Hague Convention of 2 July 2019 on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Civil or Commercial Matters has been applied between Ukraine and the EU Member States (except Denmark), and since 1 July 2025 also between Ukraine and the United Kingdom.<\/p>\n<p>The application for recognition and enforcement is made to the appellate court at the debtor\u2019s location, within three years from the date of its entry into force, except for a judgment on the recovery of periodic payments, which may be enforced throughout the entire period of recovery with the debt repaid over the last three years (Article 466 of the CivPCU).<\/p>\n<p>The grounds on which recognition or enforcement may be refused include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the judgment not being final and binding under the law of the state where it was given;<\/li>\n<li>the respondent not having been duly and timely notified of the proceedings;<\/li>\n<li>the dispute falling within the exclusive jurisdiction of the Ukrainian courts or other competent Ukrainian authority;<\/li>\n<li>the existence of a prior final Ukrainian judgment, or pending Ukrainian proceedings commenced before the foreign proceedings, between the same parties on the same subject matter and grounds;<\/li>\n<li>the time limit for submitting the foreign judgment for enforcement in Ukraine having expired;<\/li>\n<li>the subject matter of the dispute not being justiciable under Ukrainian law;<\/li>\n<li>enforcement threatening the interests of Ukraine; or<\/li>\n<li>a prior recognition of another foreign judgment between the same parties on the same subject matter already having been granted in Ukraine (Article 468 of the CivPCU).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Can the costs of litigation (e.g. court costs, as well as the parties\u2019 costs of instructing lawyers, experts and other professionals) be recovered from the other side in your jurisdiction?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Court costs comprise the court fee and the expenses connected with the case, including advocates&#8217; fees and expert and witness costs (Article 123 of the CPC). Only fees paid to licensed advocates are recoverable; fees paid to non-advocate lawyers remain the client&#8217;s expense. Court fee is allocated in proportion to the claims upheld (Article 129(2) of the CPC), and recovery of advocates\u2019 fees is subject to a reasonableness and proportionality test (Article 129(5) of the CPC). Each party must file a preliminary costs estimate with its first substantive pleading, failing which recovery beyond the court fee may be forfeited (Article 124(2) of the CPC).<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What, if any, are the collective redress (e.g. class action) mechanisms in your jurisdiction?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Ukraine has no general class-action mechanism. Procedural mechanisms allow several claimants or respondents to join in a single claim (procedural co-participation, Article 47 of the CPC) and permit the court to consolidate related cases (Article 173 of the CPC). Limited representative actions exist in particular fields, for example by a bond-issue administrator acting for bondholders (Article 4(4) of the CPC).<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What, if any, are the mechanisms for joining third parties to ongoing proceedings and\/or consolidating two sets of proceedings in your jurisdiction?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Third parties with independent claims to the subject matter may enter before the merits stage, enjoying a claimant\u2019s rights (Article 49 of the CPC). Third parties without independent claims may join, or be joined on the court\u2019s initiative, on either side where the outcome affects their rights (Article 50 of the CPC). The court may also bring in a co-respondent or replace an improper respondent (Article 48 of the CPC).<\/p>\n<p>The court may, on application or of its own motion, consolidate related cases into a single set of proceedings, or sever claims, until the commencement of the preparatory hearing or, in simplified proceedings, until the commencement of the merits hearing in each of the cases (Article 173(3) of the CPC).<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Are third parties allowed to fund litigation in your jurisdiction? If so, are there any restrictions on this and can third party funders be made liable for the costs incurred by the other side?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Third-party funding is not regulated by Ukrainian legislation. Since funders are not parties to the proceedings, they cannot be made directly liable for costs incurred, which are allocated between the parties (Article 129 of the CPC). A funder\u2019s exposure is therefore a matter for the funding agreement.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What is the main advantage and the main disadvantage of litigating international commercial disputes in your jurisdiction?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The main advantage is cost. The court fee for a monetary claim by a legal entity is 1.5% of the amount claimed, with a floor of one subsistence minimum (UAH 3,328 \/ approx. USD 74 in 2026) and a ceiling of 350 subsistence minimums (UAH 1,164,800 \/ approx. USD 26,000). Cassation review is limited to narrow legal grounds, which reduces the risk of prolonged appellate litigation.<\/p>\n<p>The main disadvantage is that courts frequently miss statutory deadlines, so the short nominal timetable is rarely met. The practice of first instance courts also remains inconsistent, notwithstanding the development of the Supreme Court\u2019s jurisprudence. Whether public proceedings are an advantage or disadvantage depends on the parties\u2019 priorities: court decisions are public, and closed hearings are available only in limited circumstances.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What is the most likely growth area for commercial disputes in your jurisdiction for the next 5 years?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Defence, sanctions, and other war-related disputes already constitute the dominant growth area. We see a significant increase in disputes arising from defence procurement and supply contracts, force majeure claims across all sectors, and claims for compensation for war-related losses, including damaged or destroyed assets. As reconstruction gathers pace, disputes arising from infrastructure and construction contracts are expected to follow. Further, Ukraine is likely to experience sustained growth in insolvency and restructuring disputes, driven by war-related financial distress across both corporate and banking sectors.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What, if any, will be the impact of technology on commercial litigation in your jurisdiction in the next 5 years?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Technology has already transformed Ukrainian litigation more rapidly than in most neighbouring jurisdictions. The Unified Judicial Information and Telecommunication System, encompassing electronic filing, service, case management, and videoconferencing, is now standard practice rather than an exception. Parties and their representatives can access case materials, decisions, and procedural notifications directly through mobile applications.<\/p>\n<p>Remote hearings, normalised during the war, are expected to remain a permanent feature. These trends will likely intensify as the remaining e-court modules are implemented.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n<div class=\"word-count-hidden\" style=\"display:none;\">Estimated word count: <span class=\"word-count\">3965<\/span><\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/ol>\r\n\r\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"\/wp-content\/themes\/twentyseventeen\/src\/jquery\/components\/filter-guides.js\" async><\/script><\/div>"}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comparative_guide\/143994","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comparative_guide"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/comparative_guide"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=143994"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}