{"id":137662,"date":"2026-04-08T12:45:18","date_gmt":"2026-04-08T12:45:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/?post_type=comparative_guide&#038;p=137662"},"modified":"2026-04-08T12:45:18","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T12:45:18","slug":"sweden-trademark-disputes","status":"publish","type":"comparative_guide","link":"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/chapter\/sweden-trademark-disputes\/","title":{"rendered":"Sweden: Trademark Disputes"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"template":"","class_list":["post-137662","comparative_guide","type-comparative_guide","status-publish","hentry","guides-trademark-disputes","jurisdictions-sweden"],"acf":[],"appp":{"post_list":{"below_title":"<div class=\"guide-author-details\"><span class=\"guide-author\">CMS Wistrand<\/span><span class=\"guide-author-logo\"><img src=\"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1\/2022\/03\/CMS_W_Sweden_RGB.png\"\/><\/span><\/div>"},"post_detail":{"above_title":"<div class=\"guide-author-details\"><span class=\"guide-author\">CMS Wistrand<\/span><span class=\"guide-author-logo\"><img src=\"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1\/2022\/03\/CMS_W_Sweden_RGB.png\"\/><\/span><\/div>","below_title":"<span class=\"guide-intro\">This country specific Q&amp;A provides an overview of Trademark Disputes laws and regulations applicable in Sweden<\/span><div class=\"guide-content\"><div class=\"filter\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"text\" placeholder=\"Search questions and answers...\" class=\"filter-container__search-field\">\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<ol class=\"custom-counter\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">To represent a client before Court in respect of a potential trademark infringement matter, do you require a Power of Attorney \u2013 and if so, what are the execution formalities required by your courts?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Yes. The Court will require that the legal representatives present a power of attorney that has been signed by an authorized signatory of the party (note that the original document must be submitted to the Court).<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Is it a requirement in your jurisdiction to send a cease and desist letter to a potential infringer before commencing proceedings for infringement? What are the consequences for a trademark owner who chooses not to send a pre-action letter?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>There are no legal requirements to send a cease and desist letter prior to initiating court proceedings. However, in this regard the following should be noted:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>According to the Swedish Bar Association\u2019s Code of Conduct, the general rule is that legal action against a party must not be initiated without first allowing the opposing party reasonable time to consider the client\u2019s claim and the possibility to reach an amicable solution. Nevertheless, this rule is also not without exceptions as legal action may be initiated without notifying the opposing party if any delay risks harming the client\u2019s legal position or adversely affect the client\u2019s interests, or if other compelling circumstances necessitate immediate action. Such exception typically apply in case of preliminary injunctions (as the purpose of these measures generally is promptly to safeguard the client\u2019s interest and prevent irreparable harm).<\/li>\n<li>According to the Swedish Code of Judicial Procedure (Sw.\u00a0<em>R\u00e4tteg\u00e5ngsbalken<\/em>), a party who initiates court action without first exploring the possibilities for settlement with the opposing party, or who otherwise intentionally or negligently causes unnecessary legal proceedings, will typically be required to cover the opposing party\u2019s legal costs, regardless of the case outcome. By sending a cease and desist you will usually avoid any claims of having initiated an unnecessary legal proceeding.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">In your jurisdiction, is there a risk that a pre-action letter could give rise to claim against the trademark owner for unjustified threats? What steps should a trademark owner take to ensure any cease and desist letter does not expose the trademark owner to any liability.<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Yes, a pre-action letter may constitute an unfair marketing practice under the Swedish Marketing Practices Act (MPA) if it contains far-reaching and unnuanced allegations of infringement. The risk can be reduced by ensuring that the communication remains objective, that all infringement claims are properly substantiated with evidence and that the language is carefully considered.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Is it mandatory for the parties to have attempted mediation or other alternative dispute resolution proceedings prior to commencing infringement proceedings? If so, what is the minimum expectation?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Mediation or any other alternative dispute resolution is not required prior to commencing infringement proceedings.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Are claims for trademark infringements heard before a general commercial Court or a specialist Court focused on Intellectual Property disputes? Are trademark infringement claims decided by a judge or by a jury?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Claims for trademark infringements are heard before the Patent and Market Court (PMC) and Patent Market Court of Appeal (PMCA), which are specialised courts for intellectual property disputes. Judgements from the PMCA may, under certain circumstances, be appealed to the Swedish Supreme Court.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Is there a time limit for commencing trademark infringement proceedings once the facts giving rise to the infringement are known to the trademark owner. After how long would such a claim be time-barred? What action would a trade mark owner have to know to give rise to such a claim being time-barred (for example, is it knowing that a mark in question is in use or is it knowing that a trade mark application has been filed and\/or registered?)<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>This will depend on the nature of the claim. For example, the right to seek compensation for damages will be time-barred where an action has not been commenced within five years from the date on which the damage occurred. Moreover, if the trademark owner does not initiate legal proceedings within a reasonable time, then the trademark holder may be prevented from enforcing a trademark against an infringing registered or established (unregistered) trademark.<\/p>\n<p>For registered trade marks, the relevant period runs from the registration date, meaning the date on which the application was received by the national authority. \u00a0For unregistered trade marks, the period runs from when the holder of the older right becomes aware of the use of a later sign that is sufficiently close to the earlier mark.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">In your jurisdiction does the law protect unregistered trademarks of any kind, including by way of passing off, unfair competition or protection of trade dress. What are the criteria for their subsistence?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Trademark protection for unregistered marks can be achieved by means of establishment through use on the market. A mark will be deemed established on the market when it is known to a significant portion of the relevant public as a designation for the goods or services provided under the mark.<\/p>\n<p>Protection may also be afforded under the Marketing Practices Act, which, inter alia, prohibits traders from, in the course of marketing, using<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>misleading claims or presentations about another trader\u2019s qualifications, position on the market, undertakings, trade marks, trade names, identifying marks and other rights; and<\/li>\n<li>misleading copies that can be easily confused with another trader\u2019s known and unique products (other than copies the design of which primarily relates to the functionality of the product).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Under the Marketing Practices Act, there is also protection against unfair advantage on another trader\u2019s reputation (Sw. renomm\u00e9snyltning). This protection applies when the trade mark, distinctive sign or product in question is well-known in the market and associated with the trader\u2019s business operations.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">In your jurisdiction will the Court hear claims for registered trademark infringement in parallel with claims for passing off,unfair competition, infringement of trade dress or other misleading advertising, or does a claimant need to bring such claims in a separate cause of action?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Yes. It is both possible and quite common for a Court to hear claims for registered trademark infringement along with claims such as concerning unfair competition or other misleading advertising.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">In your jurisdiction, do your Courts share jurisdiction with your Trade Mark Office, such that parties need to seek to seize the forum they prefer first in time, or does the Court take precedence and intervene to stay or transfer any live Registry proceedings (for example relating to invalidity or revocation of registered trade mark) which may overlap with an issued infringement claim and related counterclaim?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Revocation of trademarks may be initiated either before the Swedish Patent and Trademark Office (PRV) or in Court. The claimant is free to choose which route to pursue.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Where the defendant has a counterclaim for invalidity or cancellation of the registered trademark being asserted against it (either on the basis of earlier rights or as a result of non-use by the trademark proprietor), does the counterclaim become part of the infringement action, so that both issues are heard by the same Court within a single action, with the Court making a determination at its conclusion, or are the validity issues bifurcated and heard in separate parallel proceedings? If in your jurisdiction validity issues are bifurcated, what are the practical consequences of this from a timing perspective? For example, does this mean that a Court will stay the infringement claim and proceed with the validity attack first to avoid finding a trademark infringed, only to have a separate Court find the trademark invalid at a later date?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>In Sweden, when a defendant in a trademark infringement case wishes to challenge the validity of the asserted trademark, this must be done through a separate claim for invalidity or revocation. This separate claim may be brought either as a counterclaim (Sw. genk\u00e4rokm\u00e5l) or as an independent action.<\/p>\n<p>If the defendant brings a counterclaim, the PMC will handle both the infringement and the validity issues within the same proceeding. Consequently, the court will first determine whether the trademark should be invalidated or revoked. If the court finds that the registration is valid and remains in force, it will then proceed to assess whether an infringement has been committed.<\/p>\n<p>Where the defendant initiates a separate action for invalidity or revocation, rather than raising it as a counterclaim, the court may, pursuant to Chapter 32, Section 5 of the Swedish Code of Judicial Procedure, decide to stay the infringement proceedings. This is to avoid the risk of conflicting outcomes\u2014specifically, that the court might find the trade mark infringed, only for another court subsequently to declare the registration invalid.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">In your jurisdiction, does a defendant have a defence of using a mark honestly and concurrently available to them?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>No. Swedish law does not recognise a standalone defence of honest concurrent use. As a starting point, if two parties claim rights in identical\/similar sign, the one with the earlier basis has priority. However, a defendant may rely on passivity\u00a0rules that permit coexistence in limited circumstances:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A younger registered trade mark can remain in force alongside an older conflicting right if the application for the younger registration was made in good faith and the proprietor of the older right knew of and tolerated the use and the registration of the later mark for five consecutive years. In that event, the older proprietor is barred from seeking invalidation or bringing infringement proceedings against that use.<\/li>\n<li>For a younger unregistered sign that has become established through use, the established younger right may subsist alongside the older right if the holder of the older right has not, within a reasonable time, taken measures to stop the younger use.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Outside these scenarios, mere honest and concurrent use is not a defence to infringement.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">When considering the validity of a registered trade mark, does the Court consider whether the trade mark has been registered in bad faith? If so, what actions would indicate this bad faith?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Yes. Under Swedish trade mark law, a trade mark may not be registered if the application was made in bad faith. If such a mark has nonetheless been registered, it can later be invalidated by a court because it contravenes the explicit provisions of the law. However, it is important to note that a claim of bad faith must be invoked by a party. Courts do not examine bad faith on their own initiative (ex officio).<\/p>\n<p>Actions indicating bad faith may include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the trademark being identical or confusingly similar to an existing sign;<\/li>\n<li>the applicant&#8217;s knowledge of a third party&#8217;s prior use;<\/li>\n<li>filing applications for speculative purposes or solely to obtain financial compensation;<\/li>\n<li>unfair advantage on the reputation of another party&#8217;s mark;<\/li>\n<li>lacking any genuine intention to use the mark;<\/li>\n<li>exploiting a pre-existing business relationship between the parties;<\/li>\n<li>filing serial applications to obtain a blocking position;<\/li>\n<li>artificially extending the grace period for non-use; or<\/li>\n<li>demanding financial compensation from a party seeking invalidation of the mark.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>By contrast, the following factors generally do not indicate bad faith:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>revocation of a similar older mark;<\/li>\n<li>filing before the non-use grace period expires;<\/li>\n<li>filing a counter-application for invalidation against the party claiming invalidation;<\/li>\n<li>sending cease-and-desist letters after registration; or<\/li>\n<li>owning multiple similar marks with minor differences.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">If the main objective in commencing infringement proceedings is to secure an injunction, is a claimant required to state how much their claim is worth at the point their claim is issued?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>No.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Is it possible to seek a preliminary injunction in your jurisdiction? If so, what is the criteria a trademark owner needs to establish and is there a bond or other undertaking in damages payable to compensate the defendant if the Court finds no infringement following a substantive hearing?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Yes, it Is possible to seek a preliminary injunction in Sweden. In order to obtain a preliminary injunction, the claimant must show the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>There is probable cause to believe that the applicant possesses a valid intellectual property right;<\/li>\n<li>There is probable cause to suspect that the counterparty has engaged in actions that infringe upon the applicant\u2019s intellectual property right; and<\/li>\n<li>It can be reasonably suspected that the counterparty\u2019s continued infringement, or contribution to it, will diminish the value of the applicant\u2019s intellectual property right (sabotage risk).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>As a general rule, the claimant must also prove security for any damages that it may have to pay if the preliminary injunction is later found to be unjustified. The security shall take the form of a pledge or a guarantee. Under certain circumstances, the obligation to provide security may be waived where the claimant is unable to provide such security.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Is a licensee (whether exclusive or non-exclusive) of a registered trademark entitled to commence proceedings for trademark infringement? Does the trademark proprietor need to be joined as a party to the proceedings, and does it have an effect whether the licensee is registered before the local Trademark Registry?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Under Swedish law, a trademark licensee\u2019s right to initiate proceedings for infringement is subject to certain conditions. As a main rule, a licensee may only bring an infringement action with the consent of the trademark proprietor. However, an exclusive licensee may initiate such proceedings without the proprietor\u2019s consent if the proprietor fails to act within a reasonable time after having been notified by the licensee of the intention to bring a claim. Furthermore, if the proprietor initiates an infringement action, the licensee is always entitled to bring a claim for damages. It is worth nothing that the afore-mentioned rules are non-mandatory. Consequently, the parties may regulate in the licensing agreement who shall have the right to initiate legal proceedings.<\/p>\n<p>As to whether the registration of the licence in the local Trademark Registry has any effect on the licensee\u2019s right to initiate proceedings &#8211; the answer is no. Swedish law does not require the license to be registered for the licensee to exercise such right.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Where the claim for trademark infringement is premised on similarity between the defendant\u2019s mark and the trademark owner\u2019s registered mark, does the proprietor need to demonstrate that confusion has occurred or simply that there is a risk of confusion? What is the minimum standard required to secure a finding of infringement?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The proprietor must demonstrate that there is a likelihood of confusion. Evidence of actual confusion carries very limited probative value in infringement cases under Swedish law. In order to establish infringement, the claimant must prove that the marks are sufficiently similar in visual, conceptual, and phonetic terms, and that the goods concerned are similar. The assessment of the likelihood of confusion may also be influenced by the degree of distinctiveness of the earlier mark.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">In your jurisdiction is it possible to rely on post-sale confusion as a means of securing a finding of trade mark infringement?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>According to case law, the likelihood of confusion shall be assessed globally, taking into account all relevant circumstance. In this global assessment, post-sale confusion could have some relevance.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">In your jurisdiction what type of disclosure or discovery is typically ordered by the Court in respect of trademark infringement actions from both parties?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Under Swedish procedural law, the general rule is that no party is required to help their opponent succeed in the case. In other words, a party is not obliged to present evidence that would weaken their own position (cf. the principle of nemo tenetur edere contra se). Consequently, there is no general duty of disclosure or discovery. However, Swedish law provides specific procedural tools to obtain evidence, such as orders for production of documents (Sw. edition), orders to provide information (Sw. informationsf\u00f6rel\u00e4ggande), and infringement investigations (Sw. intr\u00e5ngsunders\u00f6kning).<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What type of expert evidence is permitted by the Court in your jurisdiction? Does the Court accept consumer surveys and are there specific rules about how consumer surveys are conducted. Do the parties need to request prior permission from the Court to adduce survey evidence?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>In Swedish procedural law, the principle of free production of evidence applies. This means that the parties have the freedom to produce any evidence they consider relevant. In addition, the principle of free valuation of evidence grants the Court the discretion to assess the submitted evidence freely and independently (without restriction). Consequently, the Court will accept consumer surveys, and the parties does not need to request prior permission to adduce survey evidence. However, it is worth noting that it follows from settled case law that market surveys and their results must be assessed with caution. If the survey is not based on a credible and well-founded methodology, the evidentiary value of the survey is likely to be limited.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Does evidence submitted by your client in trademark infringement proceedings have to be accompanied with a statement of truth or other similar declaration?  Which party is typically responsible for signing the statement of truth (or similar), the entity itself or the entity's representatives?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>No.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">In your jurisdiction is it possible for a claimant to seek summary judgment and\/or strike out of an infringement claim? What are the legal criteria for a Court to grant summary judgment?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>In Sweden, summary judgement (or procedure) refers to a simplified legal process primarily for uncontested monetary claims. This process is regulated by the Act on Payment Orders and Enforcement Assistance (Sw.\u00a0<em>Lagen om betalningsf\u00f6rel\u00e4ggande och handr\u00e4ckning<\/em>) and is administered by the Swedish Enforcement Authority (and not the courts).<\/p>\n<p>A summary procedure may be used, for instance, in trademark infringement cases where the claimant seeks damages. The procedure is imitated by filing an application for a payment order with the Enforcement Authority. The Authority does not examine the merits of the claim but simply serves the application on the respondent, who is then given opportunity to object. If the respondent fails to contest the application within the prescribed time limit, the Enforcement Authority will issue a decision (Sw.\u00a0<em>utslag<\/em>) in favour of the claimant. The decision has the same legal effect as a judgement, and can be enforced.\u00a0 If the respondent files a timely objection, the matter is transferred to the court for continued proceedings.<\/p>\n<p>It is worth noting that the summary procedure is not available for prohibitory injunctions subject to a conditional fine.<\/p>\n<p>Regarding strike-out, you cannot generally apply for a \u201cstrike-out\u201d as such in Sweden, but you can seek an equivalent outcome by:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>arguing inadmissibility\/procedural impediments;<\/li>\n<li>seeking default judgment if the defendant is in default; or<\/li>\n<li>in more exceptional cases, demanding dismissal on the basis that the claim is obviously unfounded.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">How long does it typically take to reach judgment in a trademark infringement action from issue of the claim, through to first instance decision? What is the lower and upper range of legal costs for such an action?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>It is quite difficult to state how long it typically takes to reach a judgement from the initiation of the infringement action to a first instance judgement, as this depends on several factors such as the complexity of the case, the scope of the evidence, and the Courts workload. More straightforward matters may be resolved within a year, while complex disputes could take longer. Legal costs can also vary considerably and it is not possible to state any specific lower\/upper range.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Following a first instance decision, is it possible for either party to appeal the decision? What are the grounds upon which an appeal can be lodged? Is it necessary to request permission to appeal, or are appeals automatically permissible? If either party file an appeal, is the enforcement of the first instance decision stayed pending the outcome of the appeal?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Either party may appeal a first instance judgement. In order to appeal, leave to appeal is required. Such leave may be granted on the following grounds:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>there is reason to doubt the correctness of the judgement rendered by the court;<\/li>\n<li>it is not possible to assess the correctness of the rendered judgement without granting leave to appeal;<\/li>\n<li>it is importance for the development of case law that the appeal is examined by a higher court; or<\/li>\n<li>there are other extraordinary reasons to review the appeal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Generally, the enforcement of the first instance judgement will be stayed pending the outcome of the appeal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">If the parties have been involved in a dispute before the local Trademark Office, what relevance does this have on later infringement proceedings? For example where trademark owner (A) may have already sought to oppose the registration of a third party (B\u2019s) mark in proceedings before the local Trade Mark Office, is the trademark owner estopped from seeking invalidity of a registered trade mark where its opposition failed where the invalidity action is based on the same grounds as the unsuccessful opposition?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>A dispute before PRV, such as opposition proceedings, has no binding effect in a subsequent infringement action before a court.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">In your jurisdiction, does the Court consider both liability and quantum within the same proceeding, or will any damages be assessed after the Court has reached a decision on liability? How are damages for trademark infringement proceedings typically assessed in your jurisdiction?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Whether the Court addresses both liability and quantum within the same proceeding depends on the nature of the action brought by the claimant. If the claimant files an action for a declaratory judgement (Sw.\u00a0<em>Fastst\u00e4llelsetalan<\/em>), the court will only determine whether the defendant is liable for the infringement. If, however, the claimant files an action for a specific performance (Sw.\u00a0<em>Fullg\u00f6relsetalan<\/em>), the court will rule both on liability and the amount of damages in the same proceeding.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">In addition to an injunction and damages, what other remedies are available in your jurisdiction?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>In Sweden, the following remedies are available in cases of trademark infringement (in addition to an injunction and damages):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Order for corrective measures, such as the withdrawal from the market, alteration, or destruction of infringing samples, as well as tools or means used or intended to be used in the infringement.<\/li>\n<li>Order against the infringer to bear the cost of reasonable measures to disseminate information about the judgement.<\/li>\n<li>Order to provide information (regarding the origin and distribution network for the goods or services to which the infringement pertains).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Following a decision on the merits, is the winner entitled to recover all or a portion of its legal costs incurred in bringing or defending the proceedings. If legal costs are recoverable, what is the procedure involved and how does the Court assess the level of legal costs which should be reimbursed by the losing party.<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Yes, under Swedish law, the prevailing party is generally entitled to full compensation for its reasonable costs, including attorneys\u2019 fees and other expenses, incurred in bringing or defending the action. A party seeking compensation must submit a claim for reimbursement of legal cost together with a detailed cost specification before the court closes the case for judgement. The court will then assess whether the claimed costs are reasonable, considering factors such as the complexity case, the scope of the measures taken, and whether the expenses were necessary for the protection of the party\u2019s right. The prevailing party is not automatically entitled to full reimbursement. The court could reduce the amount if it considers the costs to be excessive.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Once the Court has issued a judgment, how long typically does the losing party have to comply with the Court\u2019s judgment including any final injunction issued? What are the consequences for failing to comply and how would the winning party seek enforcement of its judgement.<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The losing party must comply with the judgement once it becomes final (sw. laga kraft), which generally occurs three weeks after the judgement has been issued. In cases where the Court has issued a prohibitory injunction subject to a conditional fine, the winning party may initiate a separate proceeding regarding the imposition of the fine. If the judgement concerns the payment of damages, enforcement may be pursued through the Enforcement Authority.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n<div class=\"word-count-hidden\" style=\"display:none;\">Estimated word count: <span class=\"word-count\">4171<\/span><\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/ol>\r\n\r\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"\/wp-content\/themes\/twentyseventeen\/src\/jquery\/components\/filter-guides.js\" async><\/script><\/div>"}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comparative_guide\/137662","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comparative_guide"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/comparative_guide"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=137662"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}